Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized Derivatives
Fullerenes, a unique allotrope of carbon, have captured significant attention in multiple scientific fields. As a non-destructive characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy has proven indispensable for investigating fullerenes and their derivatives, offering detailed insights into their vibratio...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-02-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/738 |
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| author | Yifan Qin Jilian Xu Zhewen Liang Haijun Teng Da Zhan Hai Xu |
| author_facet | Yifan Qin Jilian Xu Zhewen Liang Haijun Teng Da Zhan Hai Xu |
| author_sort | Yifan Qin |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fullerenes, a unique allotrope of carbon, have captured significant attention in multiple scientific fields. As a non-destructive characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy has proven indispensable for investigating fullerenes and their derivatives, offering detailed insights into their vibrational properties. This review discusses the broad utility of Raman spectroscopy in revealing the structural and physicochemical characteristics of fullerenes—from the iconic C<sub>60</sub> molecule to an array of its derivatives—highlighting its capacity to detect functionalization-induced changes in molecular structure and electronic properties, while also assessing environmental influences such as solvent effects and temperature variations. Particular emphasis is placed on advanced Raman-based techniques, including enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), for the characterization of fullerenes and their derivatives. These cutting-edge methods offer high sensitivity and ultra-high spatial resolution, greatly expanding the scope of fullerene research and delivering deeper insights into their structural and functional properties. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c80456761614d6bb5e57947dc0ec1e4 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c80456761614d6bb5e57947dc0ec1e42025-08-20T02:48:03ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492025-02-0130373810.3390/molecules30030738Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized DerivativesYifan Qin0Jilian Xu1Zhewen Liang2Haijun Teng3Da Zhan4Hai Xu5State Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Luminescence Science and Technology, Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun 130033, ChinaFullerenes, a unique allotrope of carbon, have captured significant attention in multiple scientific fields. As a non-destructive characterization technique, Raman spectroscopy has proven indispensable for investigating fullerenes and their derivatives, offering detailed insights into their vibrational properties. This review discusses the broad utility of Raman spectroscopy in revealing the structural and physicochemical characteristics of fullerenes—from the iconic C<sub>60</sub> molecule to an array of its derivatives—highlighting its capacity to detect functionalization-induced changes in molecular structure and electronic properties, while also assessing environmental influences such as solvent effects and temperature variations. Particular emphasis is placed on advanced Raman-based techniques, including enhanced Raman spectroscopy, surface-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (SERS), and tip-enhanced Raman spectroscopy (TERS), for the characterization of fullerenes and their derivatives. These cutting-edge methods offer high sensitivity and ultra-high spatial resolution, greatly expanding the scope of fullerene research and delivering deeper insights into their structural and functional properties.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/738fullerenefullerene derivativesRamanSERSTERS |
| spellingShingle | Yifan Qin Jilian Xu Zhewen Liang Haijun Teng Da Zhan Hai Xu Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized Derivatives Molecules fullerene fullerene derivatives Raman SERS TERS |
| title | Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized Derivatives |
| title_full | Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized Derivatives |
| title_fullStr | Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized Derivatives |
| title_full_unstemmed | Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized Derivatives |
| title_short | Raman Spectroscopy of Fullerenes: From C<sub>60</sub> to Functionalized Derivatives |
| title_sort | raman spectroscopy of fullerenes from c sub 60 sub to functionalized derivatives |
| topic | fullerene fullerene derivatives Raman SERS TERS |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/30/3/738 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT yifanqin ramanspectroscopyoffullerenesfromcsub60subtofunctionalizedderivatives AT jilianxu ramanspectroscopyoffullerenesfromcsub60subtofunctionalizedderivatives AT zhewenliang ramanspectroscopyoffullerenesfromcsub60subtofunctionalizedderivatives AT haijunteng ramanspectroscopyoffullerenesfromcsub60subtofunctionalizedderivatives AT dazhan ramanspectroscopyoffullerenesfromcsub60subtofunctionalizedderivatives AT haixu ramanspectroscopyoffullerenesfromcsub60subtofunctionalizedderivatives |