Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM Systems

We propose and simulate a third-order 3D electro-optically highly tunable compact add-drop filter based on nonlinear microring resonators. The used tuning mechanism relies on enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in a graphene layer integrated on top of a two-photonabsorption-free and low loss silicon-rich nit...

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Main Authors: Filston Rukerandanga, Stephen Musyoki, Edwin O. Ataro
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Wiley 2022-01-01
Series:International Journal of Optics
Online Access:http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4182037
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author Filston Rukerandanga
Stephen Musyoki
Edwin O. Ataro
author_facet Filston Rukerandanga
Stephen Musyoki
Edwin O. Ataro
author_sort Filston Rukerandanga
collection DOAJ
description We propose and simulate a third-order 3D electro-optically highly tunable compact add-drop filter based on nonlinear microring resonators. The used tuning mechanism relies on enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in a graphene layer integrated on top of a two-photonabsorption-free and low loss silicon-rich nitride core material at telecommunication wavelengths. An ultrahigh tuning efficiency (150 pm/V) over a tuning range of 1.3 nm, ensuring ultralow voltage consumption, was achieved in this work. We used titanium oxide and silicon oxide as the upper-cladding and under-cladding materials, respectively, around the silicon-rich nitride core material, to come up with a polarization-insensitive, and the thermally resilient third-orderadd-drop optical filter in the L band (1565 nm–1625 nm) with a full wave at a half maximum bandwidth of 50 GHz (linewidth of 0.4 nm) around 1570 nm, a high-free spectral range of 18.5 nm, a quality factor of 2580, an extinction ratio of 60 dB, a finesse of 19, and a thermal stability of 0.3 pm/K. A three-dimensional multiphysics approach was used to simulate the propagation of transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized waves through the filter, combining the electromagnetic features with thermo-optic and stress-optical effects. The contribution of this work to the existing literature is that the designed filter proposes a new and highly tunable material system compatible with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication technology while combining high tunability, polarization insensitivity, and high thermal stability features for an ultracompact and energy-efficienton-chip integrated photonic tunable filter for dense wavelength division multiplexing systems in the less occupied L band.
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spelling doaj-art-9c70f8aa5e8045c79c0e5f3cc66d81542025-08-20T02:18:28ZengWileyInternational Journal of Optics1687-93922022-01-01202210.1155/2022/4182037Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM SystemsFilston Rukerandanga0Stephen Musyoki1Edwin O. Ataro2Pan African UniversityTechnical University of KenyaTechnical University of KenyaWe propose and simulate a third-order 3D electro-optically highly tunable compact add-drop filter based on nonlinear microring resonators. The used tuning mechanism relies on enhanced Kerr nonlinearity in a graphene layer integrated on top of a two-photonabsorption-free and low loss silicon-rich nitride core material at telecommunication wavelengths. An ultrahigh tuning efficiency (150 pm/V) over a tuning range of 1.3 nm, ensuring ultralow voltage consumption, was achieved in this work. We used titanium oxide and silicon oxide as the upper-cladding and under-cladding materials, respectively, around the silicon-rich nitride core material, to come up with a polarization-insensitive, and the thermally resilient third-orderadd-drop optical filter in the L band (1565 nm–1625 nm) with a full wave at a half maximum bandwidth of 50 GHz (linewidth of 0.4 nm) around 1570 nm, a high-free spectral range of 18.5 nm, a quality factor of 2580, an extinction ratio of 60 dB, a finesse of 19, and a thermal stability of 0.3 pm/K. A three-dimensional multiphysics approach was used to simulate the propagation of transverse electric and transverse magnetic polarized waves through the filter, combining the electromagnetic features with thermo-optic and stress-optical effects. The contribution of this work to the existing literature is that the designed filter proposes a new and highly tunable material system compatible with the complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor fabrication technology while combining high tunability, polarization insensitivity, and high thermal stability features for an ultracompact and energy-efficienton-chip integrated photonic tunable filter for dense wavelength division multiplexing systems in the less occupied L band.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4182037
spellingShingle Filston Rukerandanga
Stephen Musyoki
Edwin O. Ataro
Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM Systems
International Journal of Optics
title Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM Systems
title_full Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM Systems
title_fullStr Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM Systems
title_full_unstemmed Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM Systems
title_short Design and Analysis of Ultralow Voltage Graphene on the Silicon Rich Nitride Tunable Ring Resonator-Based Add-Drop Filter for DWDM Systems
title_sort design and analysis of ultralow voltage graphene on the silicon rich nitride tunable ring resonator based add drop filter for dwdm systems
url http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/4182037
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AT stephenmusyoki designandanalysisofultralowvoltagegrapheneonthesiliconrichnitridetunableringresonatorbasedadddropfilterfordwdmsystems
AT edwinoataro designandanalysisofultralowvoltagegrapheneonthesiliconrichnitridetunableringresonatorbasedadddropfilterfordwdmsystems