Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis
Vitamin D is crucial for normal body metabolism. Two important vitamin D sources are synthesis in the lower layers of the skin (90%) and diet (10%). This systematic review and meta-analysis attempted to determine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan by using the findings of numerous cro...
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| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Journal of Diabetology |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.lww.com/jodb/fulltext/2024/15040/vitamin_d_deficiency_prevalence_in_pakistan_.3.aspx |
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| author | Benazir Mahar Tazeen Shah Noma Sadiq Rozina Mangi Jamshed Warsi Qamar Abbas |
| author_facet | Benazir Mahar Tazeen Shah Noma Sadiq Rozina Mangi Jamshed Warsi Qamar Abbas |
| author_sort | Benazir Mahar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Vitamin D is crucial for normal body metabolism. Two important vitamin D sources are synthesis in the lower layers of the skin (90%) and diet (10%). This systematic review and meta-analysis attempted to determine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan by using the findings of numerous cross-sectional studies. For subgroup analysis, a population-based subgroup analysis and a geographical location-based subgroup analysis were done. Different search techniques were utilized on various databases using the terms “vitamin D deficiency,” “Pakistan,” and “prevalence.” The article names and abstracts were scrutinized, and associated complete texts were evaluated. The articles that satisfied the inclusion requirements were chosen for the meta-analysis. The I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity. They were combined with the random-effect method. Out of 429 articles, 37 studies, with a total sample size of 19,338, were selected for the final analysis. The highest and lowest reported percentages observed were 100% and 15%, respectively. The overall pooled prevalence reported was 78% (95% CI = 74.2–82%). In subgroup analysis, children/adolescents showed a higher pooled prevalence of 84% (95% CI = 76.1–93.6%), and among province-wise subgroup analysis, Punjab province has shown a higher pooled prevalence of 84% (95% CI: 74–94%). Meta-analysis of the data showed a higher proportion of the population with deficient states. Interventions in public health are essential to address the high incidence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D levels can be increased, and related health concerns can be minimized through dietary supplementation, recommended sun exposure, and awareness initiatives. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c4d55576bea4949b28148717400af2e |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2078-7685 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Diabetology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c4d55576bea4949b28148717400af2e2025-08-20T01:56:34ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsJournal of Diabetology2078-76852024-10-0115433534810.4103/jod.jod_61_24Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-AnalysisBenazir MaharTazeen ShahNoma SadiqRozina MangiJamshed WarsiQamar AbbasVitamin D is crucial for normal body metabolism. Two important vitamin D sources are synthesis in the lower layers of the skin (90%) and diet (10%). This systematic review and meta-analysis attempted to determine the incidence of vitamin D deficiency in Pakistan by using the findings of numerous cross-sectional studies. For subgroup analysis, a population-based subgroup analysis and a geographical location-based subgroup analysis were done. Different search techniques were utilized on various databases using the terms “vitamin D deficiency,” “Pakistan,” and “prevalence.” The article names and abstracts were scrutinized, and associated complete texts were evaluated. The articles that satisfied the inclusion requirements were chosen for the meta-analysis. The I2 test was used to determine heterogeneity. They were combined with the random-effect method. Out of 429 articles, 37 studies, with a total sample size of 19,338, were selected for the final analysis. The highest and lowest reported percentages observed were 100% and 15%, respectively. The overall pooled prevalence reported was 78% (95% CI = 74.2–82%). In subgroup analysis, children/adolescents showed a higher pooled prevalence of 84% (95% CI = 76.1–93.6%), and among province-wise subgroup analysis, Punjab province has shown a higher pooled prevalence of 84% (95% CI: 74–94%). Meta-analysis of the data showed a higher proportion of the population with deficient states. Interventions in public health are essential to address the high incidence of vitamin D insufficiency. Vitamin D levels can be increased, and related health concerns can be minimized through dietary supplementation, recommended sun exposure, and awareness initiatives.https://journals.lww.com/jodb/fulltext/2024/15040/vitamin_d_deficiency_prevalence_in_pakistan_.3.aspxbaluchistan; meta-analysis; pakistan; prevalence; punjab; sindh; vitamin d deficiency |
| spellingShingle | Benazir Mahar Tazeen Shah Noma Sadiq Rozina Mangi Jamshed Warsi Qamar Abbas Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis Journal of Diabetology baluchistan; meta-analysis; pakistan; prevalence; punjab; sindh; vitamin d deficiency |
| title | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |
| title_full | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |
| title_fullStr | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |
| title_short | Vitamin D Deficiency Prevalence in Pakistan: Common, Important, and Neglected: A Comprehensive Meta-Analysis |
| title_sort | vitamin d deficiency prevalence in pakistan common important and neglected a comprehensive meta analysis |
| topic | baluchistan; meta-analysis; pakistan; prevalence; punjab; sindh; vitamin d deficiency |
| url | https://journals.lww.com/jodb/fulltext/2024/15040/vitamin_d_deficiency_prevalence_in_pakistan_.3.aspx |
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