Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights

This work reviews the use of biodiesel synthesis experiments in science education, emphasising their potential for explicit nature of science (NOS) teaching. Through a literature review and experimental insights, it highlights how transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with a basic catalyst...

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Main Authors: Juan Peña-Martínez, Jessica Beltrán-Martínez, Ana Cano-Ortiz, Noelia Rosales-Conrado
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-05-01
Series:Sustainable Chemistry
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4079/6/2/15
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author Juan Peña-Martínez
Jessica Beltrán-Martínez
Ana Cano-Ortiz
Noelia Rosales-Conrado
author_facet Juan Peña-Martínez
Jessica Beltrán-Martínez
Ana Cano-Ortiz
Noelia Rosales-Conrado
author_sort Juan Peña-Martínez
collection DOAJ
description This work reviews the use of biodiesel synthesis experiments in science education, emphasising their potential for explicit nature of science (NOS) teaching. Through a literature review and experimental insights, it highlights how transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with a basic catalyst can serve as an educational tool. While biodiesel reaction conditions are well-documented, this study presents them in a pedagogical context. Simple viscosity and density measurements illustrate empirical analysis, while a design of experiments (DoE) approach using a Hadamard matrix introduces systematic optimisation and scientific reasoning. By integrating biodiesel synthesis with explicit NOS instruction, this work provides educators with a framework to foster critical thinking and a deeper understanding of scientific inquiry. Additionally, this approach aligns with green chemistry principles and resource efficiency, reinforcing the broader relevance of sustainable chemistry.
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series Sustainable Chemistry
spelling doaj-art-9c241a02c7d54eae95b6b22f7801b8c42025-08-20T03:29:38ZengMDPI AGSustainable Chemistry2673-40792025-05-01621510.3390/suschem6020015Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental InsightsJuan Peña-Martínez0Jessica Beltrán-Martínez1Ana Cano-Ortiz2Noelia Rosales-Conrado3Department of Science, Social Science and Mathematics Education, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Rector Royo Villanova, 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Science, Social Science and Mathematics Education, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Rector Royo Villanova, 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Science, Social Science and Mathematics Education, Complutense University of Madrid, C/Rector Royo Villanova, 1, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Analytical Chemistry, Complutense University of Madrid, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, SpainThis work reviews the use of biodiesel synthesis experiments in science education, emphasising their potential for explicit nature of science (NOS) teaching. Through a literature review and experimental insights, it highlights how transesterification of waste cooking oil (WCO) with a basic catalyst can serve as an educational tool. While biodiesel reaction conditions are well-documented, this study presents them in a pedagogical context. Simple viscosity and density measurements illustrate empirical analysis, while a design of experiments (DoE) approach using a Hadamard matrix introduces systematic optimisation and scientific reasoning. By integrating biodiesel synthesis with explicit NOS instruction, this work provides educators with a framework to foster critical thinking and a deeper understanding of scientific inquiry. Additionally, this approach aligns with green chemistry principles and resource efficiency, reinforcing the broader relevance of sustainable chemistry.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4079/6/2/15sustainable chemistry educationbiodieselwaste cooking oilsnature of science
spellingShingle Juan Peña-Martínez
Jessica Beltrán-Martínez
Ana Cano-Ortiz
Noelia Rosales-Conrado
Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights
Sustainable Chemistry
sustainable chemistry education
biodiesel
waste cooking oils
nature of science
title Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights
title_full Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights
title_fullStr Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights
title_full_unstemmed Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights
title_short Teaching the Nature of Science Through Biodiesel Synthesis from Waste Cooking Oil: A Literature Review with Experimental Insights
title_sort teaching the nature of science through biodiesel synthesis from waste cooking oil a literature review with experimental insights
topic sustainable chemistry education
biodiesel
waste cooking oils
nature of science
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-4079/6/2/15
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