Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian Flora
This study presents a comprehensive phyto- and histochemical analysis of three <i>Colchicum</i> species: <i>Colchicum autumnale</i> L., the Balkan endemic <i>Colchicum bivonae</i> Guss., and the Bulgarian endemic <i>Colchicum diampolis</i> Delip. et Če...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Ivayla Dincheva Ilian Badjakov Vasil Georgiev Ivanka Semerdjieva Radka Vrancheva Ivan Ivanov Atanas Pavlov |
| author_facet | Ivayla Dincheva Ilian Badjakov Vasil Georgiev Ivanka Semerdjieva Radka Vrancheva Ivan Ivanov Atanas Pavlov |
| author_sort | Ivayla Dincheva |
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| description | This study presents a comprehensive phyto- and histochemical analysis of three <i>Colchicum</i> species: <i>Colchicum autumnale</i> L., the Balkan endemic <i>Colchicum bivonae</i> Guss., and the Bulgarian endemic <i>Colchicum diampolis</i> Delip. et Česchm. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 66 metabolites were identified, encompassing free amino, organic, phenolic, and fatty acids, sugars, and alkaloids, which were distributed among various plant parts. Organ-specific metabolic patterns revealed that corms and seeds are particularly rich in alkaloids, supporting their roles in chemical defense and survival during dormancy. Conversely, flowers, leaves, and capsules were enriched with energy-related and phenolic compounds, playing critical roles in reproduction and stress tolerance. Histochemical investigations localized alkaloids predominantly in the endosperm of seeds, parenchyma of corms, and vascular bundles of flowers. Notably, the endemic <i>C. bivonae</i> and <i>C. diampolis</i> displayed unique chemical profiles. Moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (AChE) was observed across various plant organs. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant interspecies and organ-specific chemical differentiation, with certain metabolites serving as key markers. These findings enhance our understanding of the chemical composition, organ specialization, and potential as a source of new biomolecules in these <i>Colchicum</i> species. They underscore the ecological and pharmacological importance of endemic taxa and provide a framework for future research into their sustainable utilization and potential bioactivities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9c1562263dbd4804a42769903f6597c7 |
| institution | Kabale University |
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| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj-art-9c1562263dbd4804a42769903f6597c72025-01-24T13:47:01ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472025-01-0114227010.3390/plants14020270Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian FloraIvayla Dincheva0Ilian Badjakov1Vasil Georgiev2Ivanka Semerdjieva3Radka Vrancheva4Ivan Ivanov5Atanas Pavlov6Department of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaDepartment of Agrobiotechnologies, Agrobioinstitute, Agricultural Academy, 8 Dr. Tsankov Blvd., 1164 Sofia, BulgariaLaboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Botany and Agrometeorology, Faculty of Agronomy, Agricultural University, 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Analytical Chemistry and Physical Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaDepartment of Organic Chemistry and Inorganic Chemistry, University of Food Technologies, 26 Maritza Blvd., 4002 Plovdiv, BulgariaLaboratory of Cell Biosystems, Institute of Microbiology, Bulgarian Academy of Sciences, 139 Ruski Blvd., 4000 Plovdiv, BulgariaThis study presents a comprehensive phyto- and histochemical analysis of three <i>Colchicum</i> species: <i>Colchicum autumnale</i> L., the Balkan endemic <i>Colchicum bivonae</i> Guss., and the Bulgarian endemic <i>Colchicum diampolis</i> Delip. et Česchm. Using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS), 66 metabolites were identified, encompassing free amino, organic, phenolic, and fatty acids, sugars, and alkaloids, which were distributed among various plant parts. Organ-specific metabolic patterns revealed that corms and seeds are particularly rich in alkaloids, supporting their roles in chemical defense and survival during dormancy. Conversely, flowers, leaves, and capsules were enriched with energy-related and phenolic compounds, playing critical roles in reproduction and stress tolerance. Histochemical investigations localized alkaloids predominantly in the endosperm of seeds, parenchyma of corms, and vascular bundles of flowers. Notably, the endemic <i>C. bivonae</i> and <i>C. diampolis</i> displayed unique chemical profiles. Moderate acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (AChE) was observed across various plant organs. Statistical analyses demonstrated significant interspecies and organ-specific chemical differentiation, with certain metabolites serving as key markers. These findings enhance our understanding of the chemical composition, organ specialization, and potential as a source of new biomolecules in these <i>Colchicum</i> species. They underscore the ecological and pharmacological importance of endemic taxa and provide a framework for future research into their sustainable utilization and potential bioactivities.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/270<i>Colchicum autumnale</i> L.<i>Colchicum bivonae</i> Guss.<i>Colchicum diampolis</i> Delip. et Česchm.GC-MShistochemical analysismedicinal plants |
| spellingShingle | Ivayla Dincheva Ilian Badjakov Vasil Georgiev Ivanka Semerdjieva Radka Vrancheva Ivan Ivanov Atanas Pavlov Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian Flora Plants <i>Colchicum autumnale</i> L. <i>Colchicum bivonae</i> Guss. <i>Colchicum diampolis</i> Delip. et Česchm. GC-MS histochemical analysis medicinal plants |
| title | Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian Flora |
| title_full | Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian Flora |
| title_fullStr | Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian Flora |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian Flora |
| title_short | Comprehensive GC-MS Characterization and Histochemical Assessment of Various Parts of Three <i>Colchicum</i> Species from Bulgarian Flora |
| title_sort | comprehensive gc ms characterization and histochemical assessment of various parts of three i colchicum i species from bulgarian flora |
| topic | <i>Colchicum autumnale</i> L. <i>Colchicum bivonae</i> Guss. <i>Colchicum diampolis</i> Delip. et Česchm. GC-MS histochemical analysis medicinal plants |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/14/2/270 |
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