A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order Companies

This article presents a method (the cross-functional architecture matrix, CAM) for identifying the most business-critical architecture decisions for companies applying product architectures to support the design and production of customised and highly engineered products. Although the product archit...

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Main Authors: Mikkel Sohrt, Willads Blinkenberg, Niels Henrik Mortensen, Anders Haug, Lars Hvam
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-02-01
Series:Applied Sciences
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1998
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author Mikkel Sohrt
Willads Blinkenberg
Niels Henrik Mortensen
Anders Haug
Lars Hvam
author_facet Mikkel Sohrt
Willads Blinkenberg
Niels Henrik Mortensen
Anders Haug
Lars Hvam
author_sort Mikkel Sohrt
collection DOAJ
description This article presents a method (the cross-functional architecture matrix, CAM) for identifying the most business-critical architecture decisions for companies applying product architectures to support the design and production of customised and highly engineered products. Although the product architecture literature describes the value of product architectures and suggests concepts and methods for modelling product architectures, existing methods tend to focus on a select few parts of the value chain or a few functional disciplines despite engineer-to-order (ETO) companies being highly cross-functional. Furthermore, the literature suggests that the practical implementation of product architectures is hindered by the complexity of the architecture models and the large number of decisions involved in the implementation and maintenance of the architecture. In this article, we test the suggested method in a case of a company that designs manufacturing plants (usually an investment in excess of 200 M€) and where three major equipment systems were chosen. For each system, cross-functional architecture matrices were applied. In each case, we found that only five architecture decisions had to be made to achieve significant improvements in the system’s performance, including a 30% reduction in installation hours, 76% of commissioning activities moved from the site to workshop, a 6% faster time to production, and a 12% total cost reduction. Practitioners in ETO companies can use the CAM method to support their product architecture development, while researchers can utilise it for future studies on the implementation of product architectures across functional domains and value chains.
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spelling doaj-art-9acfb8ac61ba4a4391cd97792346bca42025-08-20T02:44:33ZengMDPI AGApplied Sciences2076-34172025-02-01154199810.3390/app15041998A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order CompaniesMikkel Sohrt0Willads Blinkenberg1Niels Henrik Mortensen2Anders Haug3Lars Hvam4Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkDepartment of Business and Sustainability, University of Southern Denmark, 5230 Odense, DenmarkDepartment of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, DenmarkThis article presents a method (the cross-functional architecture matrix, CAM) for identifying the most business-critical architecture decisions for companies applying product architectures to support the design and production of customised and highly engineered products. Although the product architecture literature describes the value of product architectures and suggests concepts and methods for modelling product architectures, existing methods tend to focus on a select few parts of the value chain or a few functional disciplines despite engineer-to-order (ETO) companies being highly cross-functional. Furthermore, the literature suggests that the practical implementation of product architectures is hindered by the complexity of the architecture models and the large number of decisions involved in the implementation and maintenance of the architecture. In this article, we test the suggested method in a case of a company that designs manufacturing plants (usually an investment in excess of 200 M€) and where three major equipment systems were chosen. For each system, cross-functional architecture matrices were applied. In each case, we found that only five architecture decisions had to be made to achieve significant improvements in the system’s performance, including a 30% reduction in installation hours, 76% of commissioning activities moved from the site to workshop, a 6% faster time to production, and a 12% total cost reduction. Practitioners in ETO companies can use the CAM method to support their product architecture development, while researchers can utilise it for future studies on the implementation of product architectures across functional domains and value chains.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1998engineer-to-ordermodularisationproduct architecturessystems engineeringproduct platformsvalue chain
spellingShingle Mikkel Sohrt
Willads Blinkenberg
Niels Henrik Mortensen
Anders Haug
Lars Hvam
A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order Companies
Applied Sciences
engineer-to-order
modularisation
product architectures
systems engineering
product platforms
value chain
title A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order Companies
title_full A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order Companies
title_fullStr A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order Companies
title_full_unstemmed A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order Companies
title_short A Method for Modelling Business-Critical Architecture Decisions in Engineer-to-Order Companies
title_sort method for modelling business critical architecture decisions in engineer to order companies
topic engineer-to-order
modularisation
product architectures
systems engineering
product platforms
value chain
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3417/15/4/1998
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