Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years
Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe outcome of prenatal alcohol exposure, characterized by a combination of somatic and neurological abnormalities, including facial dysmorphism, growth deficits, and neurocognitive impairments. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) encompass a broader...
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Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Quality in Sport |
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| Online Access: | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57047 |
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| author | Sabina Adamczyk Maria Przygoda Jagienka Włodyka Kamila Stępień Gabriela Trestka Urszula Zelik Jakub Dziewic Joanna Śnieżna Wojciech Florczak Wiktoria Domino Karol Dzwonnik |
| author_facet | Sabina Adamczyk Maria Przygoda Jagienka Włodyka Kamila Stępień Gabriela Trestka Urszula Zelik Jakub Dziewic Joanna Śnieżna Wojciech Florczak Wiktoria Domino Karol Dzwonnik |
| author_sort | Sabina Adamczyk |
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Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe outcome of prenatal alcohol exposure, characterized by a combination of somatic and neurological abnormalities, including facial dysmorphism, growth deficits, and neurocognitive impairments. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) encompass a broader range of outcomes from prenatal alcohol exposure, with varying degrees of severity. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can disrupt fetal development, with no known safe threshold for its intake at any stage of gestation. The consequences are particularly profound on the central nervous system (CNS), where damage to structures like the cerebellum can lead to motor dysfunctions, balance issues, and cognitive impairments. Early identification and diagnosis of FAS or FASD, especially during the critical first years of life, is essential for improving developmental outcomes. Intervention strategies, including physical and cognitive therapy, can help mitigate long-term disabilities associated with these conditions. Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound for fetal structural abnormalities and the AUDIT screening tool, are integral for early detection. This review highlights the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on motor skill development, particularly the persistence of primitive reflexes in infants with FAS, which is indicative of CNS immaturity and necessitates early therapeutic interventions. Understanding these motor and neurological markers is critical for providing appropriate support and improving outcomes for affected children.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9ab419ad11f642cf9f00b4f4327c95a1 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2450-3118 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Quality in Sport |
| spelling | doaj-art-9ab419ad11f642cf9f00b4f4327c95a12025-01-20T08:23:25ZengNicolaus Copernicus University in ToruńQuality in Sport2450-31182025-01-013710.12775/QS.2025.37.57047Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 YearsSabina Adamczyk0https://orcid.org/0009-0003-9671-6619Maria Przygodahttps://orcid.org/0000-0002-6409-7265Jagienka Włodykahttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-7243-7023Kamila Stępieńhttps://orcid.org/0009-0000-3579-9308Gabriela Trestkahttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-9504-8923Urszula Zelikhttps://orcid.org/0009-0009-3369-7936Jakub Dziewichttps://orcid.org/0009-0008-4338-4573Joanna Śnieżnahttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-2713-0835Wojciech Florczakhttps://orcid.org/0009-0006-8003-0999Wiktoria Dominohttps://orcid.org/0009-0005-0034-7463Karol Dzwonnikhttps://orcid.org/0009-0007-1366-3945Uniwersytet Opolski Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS) is the most severe outcome of prenatal alcohol exposure, characterized by a combination of somatic and neurological abnormalities, including facial dysmorphism, growth deficits, and neurocognitive impairments. Fetal Alcohol Spectrum Disorders (FASD) encompass a broader range of outcomes from prenatal alcohol exposure, with varying degrees of severity. Alcohol consumption during pregnancy can disrupt fetal development, with no known safe threshold for its intake at any stage of gestation. The consequences are particularly profound on the central nervous system (CNS), where damage to structures like the cerebellum can lead to motor dysfunctions, balance issues, and cognitive impairments. Early identification and diagnosis of FAS or FASD, especially during the critical first years of life, is essential for improving developmental outcomes. Intervention strategies, including physical and cognitive therapy, can help mitigate long-term disabilities associated with these conditions. Diagnostic methods, such as ultrasound for fetal structural abnormalities and the AUDIT screening tool, are integral for early detection. This review highlights the impact of prenatal alcohol exposure on motor skill development, particularly the persistence of primitive reflexes in infants with FAS, which is indicative of CNS immaturity and necessitates early therapeutic interventions. Understanding these motor and neurological markers is critical for providing appropriate support and improving outcomes for affected children. https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57047fetal alcohol syndromecoordinationmotor developmentbalance |
| spellingShingle | Sabina Adamczyk Maria Przygoda Jagienka Włodyka Kamila Stępień Gabriela Trestka Urszula Zelik Jakub Dziewic Joanna Śnieżna Wojciech Florczak Wiktoria Domino Karol Dzwonnik Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years Quality in Sport fetal alcohol syndrome coordination motor development balance |
| title | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years |
| title_full | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years |
| title_fullStr | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years |
| title_short | Fetal Alcohol Syndrome: Impact on Neurodevelopment, Diagnosis, Early Intervention and Motor Disorders in Children under 3 Years |
| title_sort | fetal alcohol syndrome impact on neurodevelopment diagnosis early intervention and motor disorders in children under 3 years |
| topic | fetal alcohol syndrome coordination motor development balance |
| url | https://apcz.umk.pl/QS/article/view/57047 |
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