Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample
We report the results from a study of two massive ( M _500 _c > 6.0 × 10 ^14 M _⊙ ) strong-lensing clusters selected from the South Pole Telescope cluster survey for their large Einstein radius ( R _E > 40″), SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440. Ground-based and shallow Hubble Space Telesc...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9aa5 |
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| author | Guillaume Mahler Keren Sharon Matthew Bayliss Lindsey. E. Bleem Mark Brodwin Benjamin Floyd Raven Gassis Michael D. Gladders Gourav Khullar Juan D. Remolina González Arnab Sarkar |
| author_facet | Guillaume Mahler Keren Sharon Matthew Bayliss Lindsey. E. Bleem Mark Brodwin Benjamin Floyd Raven Gassis Michael D. Gladders Gourav Khullar Juan D. Remolina González Arnab Sarkar |
| author_sort | Guillaume Mahler |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We report the results from a study of two massive ( M _500 _c > 6.0 × 10 ^14 M _⊙ ) strong-lensing clusters selected from the South Pole Telescope cluster survey for their large Einstein radius ( R _E > 40″), SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440. Ground-based and shallow Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging indicated extensive strong-lensing evidence in these fields, with giant arcs spanning 18″ and 31″, respectively, motivating further space-based imaging follow-up. Here, we present multiband HST imaging and ground-based Magellan spectroscopy of the fields, from which we compile detailed strong-lensing models. The lens models of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440 were optimized using nine and eight secure multiply imaged systems with a final image-plane rms of 0 $\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime\prime} }$ 63 and 0 $\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime\prime} }$ 73, respectively. From the lensing analysis, we measure a projected mass density within 500 kpc of M (<500 kpc) = (7.30 ± 0.07) × 10 ^14 M _⊙ and $M(\lt 500\,\mathrm{kpc})=7.1{2}_{-0.19}^{+0.16}\times 1{0}^{14}$ M _⊙ for these two clusters, and subhalo mass ratios of 0.12 ± 0.01 and $0.2{1}_{-0.05}^{+0.07}$ , respectively. Both clusters produce a large area with high magnification ( μ ≥ 3) for a source at z = 9, ${{ \mathcal A }}_{|\mu |\geqslant 3}^{{\rm{lens}}}=4.9{3}_{-0.04}^{+0.03}$ arcmin ^2 and ${{ \mathcal A }}_{|\mu |\geqslant 3}^{{\rm{lens}}}=3.6{4}_{-0.10}^{+0.14}$ arcmin ^2 , respectively, placing them in the top tier of strong-lensing clusters. We conclude that these clusters are spectacular sightlines for further observations that will reduce the systematic uncertainties due to cosmic variance. This paper provides the community with two additional well-calibrated cosmic telescopes, as strong as the Frontier Fields and suitable for studies of the highly magnified background Universe. |
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| institution | Kabale University |
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| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-9ab0b02a06a34b7b918cf0bd67b897a22025-02-03T13:05:48ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal1538-43572025-01-0198014810.3847/1538-4357/ad9aa5Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters SampleGuillaume Mahler0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3266-2001Keren Sharon1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7559-0864Matthew Bayliss2https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1074-4807Lindsey. E. Bleem3https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7665-5079Mark Brodwin4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4208-798XBenjamin Floyd5https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4175-571XRaven Gassis6Michael D. Gladders7https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1370-5010Gourav Khullar8https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3475-7648Juan D. Remolina González9https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7868-9827Arnab Sarkar10https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5222-1337STAR Institute , Quartier Agora—Allée du six Août, 19c B-4000 Liège, Belgium; Centre for Extragalactic Astronomy, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UK; Institute for Computational Cosmology, Durham University , South Road, Durham, DH1 3LE, UKDepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USADepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USAArgonne National Laboratory , High-Energy Physics Division, Argonne, IL 60439, USA; Kavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri , 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USAFaculty of Physics and Astronomy, University of Missouri-Kansas City , 5110 Rockhill Road, Kansas City, MO 64110, USADepartment of Physics, University of Cincinnati , Cincinnati, OH 45221, USAKavli Institute for Cosmological Physics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USA; Department of Astronomy and Astrophysics, University of Chicago , 5640 South Ellis Avenue, Chicago, IL 60637, USADepartment of Physics and Astronomy and PITT PACC, University of Pittsburgh , Pittsburgh, PA 15260, USADepartment of Astronomy, University of Michigan , 1085 S. University Ave, Ann Arbor, MI 48109, USAMIT Kavli Institute for Astrophysics and Space Research , 70 Vassar St, Cambridge, MA 02139, USAWe report the results from a study of two massive ( M _500 _c > 6.0 × 10 ^14 M _⊙ ) strong-lensing clusters selected from the South Pole Telescope cluster survey for their large Einstein radius ( R _E > 40″), SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440. Ground-based and shallow Hubble Space Telescope (HST) imaging indicated extensive strong-lensing evidence in these fields, with giant arcs spanning 18″ and 31″, respectively, motivating further space-based imaging follow-up. Here, we present multiband HST imaging and ground-based Magellan spectroscopy of the fields, from which we compile detailed strong-lensing models. The lens models of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440 were optimized using nine and eight secure multiply imaged systems with a final image-plane rms of 0 $\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime\prime} }$ 63 and 0 $\mathop{.}\limits^{^{\prime\prime} }$ 73, respectively. From the lensing analysis, we measure a projected mass density within 500 kpc of M (<500 kpc) = (7.30 ± 0.07) × 10 ^14 M _⊙ and $M(\lt 500\,\mathrm{kpc})=7.1{2}_{-0.19}^{+0.16}\times 1{0}^{14}$ M _⊙ for these two clusters, and subhalo mass ratios of 0.12 ± 0.01 and $0.2{1}_{-0.05}^{+0.07}$ , respectively. Both clusters produce a large area with high magnification ( μ ≥ 3) for a source at z = 9, ${{ \mathcal A }}_{|\mu |\geqslant 3}^{{\rm{lens}}}=4.9{3}_{-0.04}^{+0.03}$ arcmin ^2 and ${{ \mathcal A }}_{|\mu |\geqslant 3}^{{\rm{lens}}}=3.6{4}_{-0.10}^{+0.14}$ arcmin ^2 , respectively, placing them in the top tier of strong-lensing clusters. We conclude that these clusters are spectacular sightlines for further observations that will reduce the systematic uncertainties due to cosmic variance. This paper provides the community with two additional well-calibrated cosmic telescopes, as strong as the Frontier Fields and suitable for studies of the highly magnified background Universe.https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9aa5Strong gravitational lensingGalaxy clustersGalactic and extragalactic astronomyDark matterHigh-redshift galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Guillaume Mahler Keren Sharon Matthew Bayliss Lindsey. E. Bleem Mark Brodwin Benjamin Floyd Raven Gassis Michael D. Gladders Gourav Khullar Juan D. Remolina González Arnab Sarkar Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample The Astrophysical Journal Strong gravitational lensing Galaxy clusters Galactic and extragalactic astronomy Dark matter High-redshift galaxies |
| title | Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample |
| title_full | Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample |
| title_fullStr | Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample |
| title_full_unstemmed | Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample |
| title_short | Strong-lensing Analysis of SPT-CL J2325−4111 and SPT-CL J0049−2440, Two Powerful Cosmic Telescopes (RE > 40″) from the SPT Clusters Sample |
| title_sort | strong lensing analysis of spt cl j2325 4111 and spt cl j0049 2440 two powerful cosmic telescopes re 40 from the spt clusters sample |
| topic | Strong gravitational lensing Galaxy clusters Galactic and extragalactic astronomy Dark matter High-redshift galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/1538-4357/ad9aa5 |
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