Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]
Background Bacterial infections in the Intensive Care Units are a threat to the lives of critically ill patients. Their vulnerable immunity predisposes them to developing bacteria-associated sepsis, deteriorating their already fragile health. In the face of increasing antibiotics resistance, the pro...
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F1000 Research Ltd
2024-12-01
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| author | Edwin O. Magomere Lucy Muchiri Leon Otieno Frank G. Onyambu Ali Kassim Job Mwale Brian Maina |
| author_facet | Edwin O. Magomere Lucy Muchiri Leon Otieno Frank G. Onyambu Ali Kassim Job Mwale Brian Maina |
| author_sort | Edwin O. Magomere |
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| description | Background Bacterial infections in the Intensive Care Units are a threat to the lives of critically ill patients. Their vulnerable immunity predisposes them to developing bacteria-associated sepsis, deteriorating their already fragile health. In the face of increasing antibiotics resistance, the problem of bacterial infection in ICU is worsening. Surveillance of bacterial infections in ICUs and drug resistance will help to understand the magnitude of the problem it poses and inform response strategies. We assessed bacterial infections in ICU setting by identifying prevalent Gram-negative bacterial species and characterized their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods Cross-sectional samples collected from Kenyatta National Hospital ICU between January and June 2021 were cultured and phenotypic identification of culture-positive samples performed using VITEK 2. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined based on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) results. Cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were assessed by PCR to detect the presence of ESBL genes including ( bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla TEM, bla OXA) Results and discussion Out of the 168 Gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter baumanii was the most abundant (35%). Other isolates that were present at frequencies more than 15% are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia. coli. A. baumaniii is known to be a notorious bacterium in ICU due to its multidrug resistance nature. Indeed, A. baumanii isolates from Kenyatta National Hospital showed significantly high level of phenotypic resistance. Concordant with the high level of phenotypic resistance, we found high carriage of the ESBL genes among the isolates analysed in this study. Moreover, majority of isolates harboured all the four ESBL genes. Conclusion A high rate of phenotypic and genetic resistance was detected among the tested isolates. Resistance to cephalosporins was primarily driven by acquisition of the ESBL genes. The high prevalence rate of ESBL genes in ICU bacterial isolates shown in this study has a important implication for ICU patient management and general antibiotics use. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a7365c492c048dd847bb673dc488ae6 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2046-1402 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-12-01 |
| publisher | F1000 Research Ltd |
| record_format | Article |
| series | F1000Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-9a7365c492c048dd847bb673dc488ae62025-01-23T01:00:00ZengF1000 Research LtdF1000Research2046-14022024-12-0112174666Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved]Edwin O. Magomere0https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7735-1576Lucy Muchiri1Leon Otieno2Frank G. Onyambu3https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1195-8762Ali Kassim4Job Mwale5https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4429-201XBrian Maina6https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4992-6838Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Egerton University, Nakuru, Nakuru County, KenyaDepartment of Human Pathology, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Nairobi County, KenyaDepartment of Clinical Medicine and Therapeutics, University of Nairobi, Nairobi, Nairobi County, KenyaDepartment of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Meru University, Meru, Meru county, KenyaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Nairobi County, KenyaDepartment of Laboratory Medicine, Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Nairobi County, KenyaCentre of Microbiology, Washington State University, Nairobi, Nairobi county, KenyaBackground Bacterial infections in the Intensive Care Units are a threat to the lives of critically ill patients. Their vulnerable immunity predisposes them to developing bacteria-associated sepsis, deteriorating their already fragile health. In the face of increasing antibiotics resistance, the problem of bacterial infection in ICU is worsening. Surveillance of bacterial infections in ICUs and drug resistance will help to understand the magnitude of the problem it poses and inform response strategies. We assessed bacterial infections in ICU setting by identifying prevalent Gram-negative bacterial species and characterized their antibiotic susceptibility patterns. Methods Cross-sectional samples collected from Kenyatta National Hospital ICU between January and June 2021 were cultured and phenotypic identification of culture-positive samples performed using VITEK 2. Antibiotic susceptibility patterns were determined based on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST) results. Cephalosporin-resistant Gram-negative bacteria were assessed by PCR to detect the presence of ESBL genes including ( bla CTX-M, bla SHV, bla TEM, bla OXA) Results and discussion Out of the 168 Gram-negative isolates, Acinetobacter baumanii was the most abundant (35%). Other isolates that were present at frequencies more than 15% are Klebsiella pneumoniae and Escherichia. coli. A. baumaniii is known to be a notorious bacterium in ICU due to its multidrug resistance nature. Indeed, A. baumanii isolates from Kenyatta National Hospital showed significantly high level of phenotypic resistance. Concordant with the high level of phenotypic resistance, we found high carriage of the ESBL genes among the isolates analysed in this study. Moreover, majority of isolates harboured all the four ESBL genes. Conclusion A high rate of phenotypic and genetic resistance was detected among the tested isolates. Resistance to cephalosporins was primarily driven by acquisition of the ESBL genes. The high prevalence rate of ESBL genes in ICU bacterial isolates shown in this study has a important implication for ICU patient management and general antibiotics use.https://f1000research.com/articles/12-469/v2 Intensive Care Unit anti-biotic susceptibility gram-negative cephalosporins Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamaseeng |
| spellingShingle | Edwin O. Magomere Lucy Muchiri Leon Otieno Frank G. Onyambu Ali Kassim Job Mwale Brian Maina Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] F1000Research Intensive Care Unit anti-biotic susceptibility gram-negative cephalosporins Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase eng |
| title | Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full | Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_fullStr | Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_short | Phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from ICU in tertiary level hospital in Kenya [version 2; peer review: 2 approved] |
| title_sort | phenotypic and genetic extended spectrum beta lactamase profiles of bacterial isolates from icu in tertiary level hospital in kenya version 2 peer review 2 approved |
| topic | Intensive Care Unit anti-biotic susceptibility gram-negative cephalosporins Extended Spectrum Beta Lactamase eng |
| url | https://f1000research.com/articles/12-469/v2 |
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