In Vitro Structural Characteristics and Antioxidant and Expectorant Activities of Polysaccharides from <i>Citri grandis fructus immaturus</i>

The aim of this study was to investigate the structural characteristics of four polysaccharides derived from <i>Citri grandis fructus immaturus</i> and their antioxidant and expectorant activities. ECP1 fraction passing through a 500 kDa dialysis bag (ECP1A) and ECP2 fraction retained in...

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Main Authors: Jingwen Li, Suifen Mo, Yingshan Feng, Yan Xiang, Chen Ni, Qing Luo, Jing Zhou, Yujia Wang, Ruoting Zhan, Ping Yan
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Antioxidants
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/14/4/491
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Summary:The aim of this study was to investigate the structural characteristics of four polysaccharides derived from <i>Citri grandis fructus immaturus</i> and their antioxidant and expectorant activities. ECP1 fraction passing through a 500 kDa dialysis bag (ECP1A) and ECP2 fraction retained in a 300 kDa dialysis bag (ECP2B) had molecular weights of 340 and 1217 kDa, respectively. All four polysaccharides were composed of six monosaccharides, including <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">l</span>-rhamnose, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-arabinose, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-xylose, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-mannose, <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucose, and <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-galactose, with molar ratios of 1.99:52.38:6.99:2.64:5.15:31.15 for ECP1A and 1.54:65.13:6.34:2.51:3.58:22.07 for ECP2B. ECP1A had an α/β-glucopyranose ring, and the glycosyl groups were linked mainly by 1→4, 1→2, or 1→6 glycosidic bonds. It likely adopted a single-stranded helical conformation. ECP2B had a β-glucopyranose ring, and the glycosyl groups were linked mainly by 1→4, 1→2, or 1→6 glycosidic bonds. Furthermore, in vitro experiments showed that ECP1A displayed excellent antioxidant activity (IC<sub>50</sub> = 0.4614 mg/mL). ECP2B significantly inhibited MUC5AC mucin content expression in the mucus hypersecretion model of BEAS-2B cells, thus exerting an expectorant effect. A significant negative correlation was observed between the molecular weight of <i>Citri grandis fructus immaturus</i> polysaccharides and their antioxidant activity, and the uronic acid and <span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-arabinose contents of these polysaccharides exhibited strong negative trends with both antioxidant and expectorant activities. This study shows the potential for developing and utilizing polysaccharides from <i>Citri grandis fructus immaturus</i> as an antioxidant and expectorant agent.
ISSN:2076-3921