Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider Industry
The cider-making industry in Asturias generates between 9000 and 12,000 tons of apple pomace per year. This by-product, the remains of the apple pressing, and made up of peel, flesh, seeds and stems, is a valuable material, containing substantial amounts of antioxidant compounds associated with heal...
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MDPI AG
2024-10-01
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| Series: | Antioxidants |
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| author | Rosa Pando Bedriñana Roberto Rodríguez Madrera María Dolores Loureiro Rodríguez Karelmar López-Benítez Anna Picinelli Lobo |
| author_facet | Rosa Pando Bedriñana Roberto Rodríguez Madrera María Dolores Loureiro Rodríguez Karelmar López-Benítez Anna Picinelli Lobo |
| author_sort | Rosa Pando Bedriñana |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The cider-making industry in Asturias generates between 9000 and 12,000 tons of apple pomace per year. This by-product, the remains of the apple pressing, and made up of peel, flesh, seeds and stems, is a valuable material, containing substantial amounts of antioxidant compounds associated with healthy properties. Polyphenols such as dihydrochalcones and quercetin glycosides, and triterpenic acids, among which ursolic acid is a major compound, are the main antioxidant families described in apple pomace. The simultaneous recovery of those families has been accomplished by low frequency ultrasound-assisted extraction. Working extraction conditions were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM): time, 5.1 min; extractant composition, 68% ethanol in water; solid/liquid ratio, 1/75 and ultrasonic wave amplitude, 90%. This procedure was further applied to analyse those components in the whole apple pomace (WAP), apple peel (AP) and apple flesh (AF). On average, dry WAP contained almost 1300 µg/g of flavonols, 1200 µg/g of dihydrochalcones and 4200 µg/g of ursolic acid. These figures increased in the apple peel to, respectively 2500, 1400 and 8500 µg/g dry matter. Two linear multivariate regression models allowed the antioxidant activity of apple by-products to be predicted on the basis of their bioactive composition. The results derived from this study confirm the potential of industrial cider apple pomace as a source of high-value bioactive compounds, and the feasibility of the ultrasound-assisted extraction technique to recover those components in a simple and efficient way. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9a02b7cdfa3e4e4a8a5e260b569670dc |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2076-3921 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Antioxidants |
| spelling | doaj-art-9a02b7cdfa3e4e4a8a5e260b569670dc2025-08-20T02:11:11ZengMDPI AGAntioxidants2076-39212024-10-011310123010.3390/antiox13101230Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider IndustryRosa Pando Bedriñana0Roberto Rodríguez Madrera1María Dolores Loureiro Rodríguez2Karelmar López-Benítez3Anna Picinelli Lobo4Area of Food Technology, Regional Agrifood Research and Development Center (SERIDA), Carretera AS267, PK19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, SpainArea of Food Technology, Regional Agrifood Research and Development Center (SERIDA), Carretera AS267, PK19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, SpainEstación de Viticultura e Enoloxía de Galicia, Ponte San Clodio s/n, Leiro, 32428 Orense, SpainArea of Food Technology, Regional Agrifood Research and Development Center (SERIDA), Carretera AS267, PK19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, SpainArea of Food Technology, Regional Agrifood Research and Development Center (SERIDA), Carretera AS267, PK19, Villaviciosa, 33300 Asturias, SpainThe cider-making industry in Asturias generates between 9000 and 12,000 tons of apple pomace per year. This by-product, the remains of the apple pressing, and made up of peel, flesh, seeds and stems, is a valuable material, containing substantial amounts of antioxidant compounds associated with healthy properties. Polyphenols such as dihydrochalcones and quercetin glycosides, and triterpenic acids, among which ursolic acid is a major compound, are the main antioxidant families described in apple pomace. The simultaneous recovery of those families has been accomplished by low frequency ultrasound-assisted extraction. Working extraction conditions were optimised by response surface methodology (RSM): time, 5.1 min; extractant composition, 68% ethanol in water; solid/liquid ratio, 1/75 and ultrasonic wave amplitude, 90%. This procedure was further applied to analyse those components in the whole apple pomace (WAP), apple peel (AP) and apple flesh (AF). On average, dry WAP contained almost 1300 µg/g of flavonols, 1200 µg/g of dihydrochalcones and 4200 µg/g of ursolic acid. These figures increased in the apple peel to, respectively 2500, 1400 and 8500 µg/g dry matter. Two linear multivariate regression models allowed the antioxidant activity of apple by-products to be predicted on the basis of their bioactive composition. The results derived from this study confirm the potential of industrial cider apple pomace as a source of high-value bioactive compounds, and the feasibility of the ultrasound-assisted extraction technique to recover those components in a simple and efficient way.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/10/1230polyphenolstriterpenic acidsultrasound-assisted extractionapple by-products |
| spellingShingle | Rosa Pando Bedriñana Roberto Rodríguez Madrera María Dolores Loureiro Rodríguez Karelmar López-Benítez Anna Picinelli Lobo Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider Industry Antioxidants polyphenols triterpenic acids ultrasound-assisted extraction apple by-products |
| title | Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider Industry |
| title_full | Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider Industry |
| title_fullStr | Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider Industry |
| title_full_unstemmed | Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider Industry |
| title_short | Green Extraction of Bioactive Compounds from Apple Pomace from the Cider Industry |
| title_sort | green extraction of bioactive compounds from apple pomace from the cider industry |
| topic | polyphenols triterpenic acids ultrasound-assisted extraction apple by-products |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-3921/13/10/1230 |
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