Interferon Gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Are Inflammatory Biomarkers for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

Interferon Gamma and Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha Are Inflammatory Biomarkers for Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Patients with Peripheral Artery Disease

<b>Background/Objectives:</b> Major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE)—including heart attacks and strokes—are the leading cause of death in patients with peripheral artery disease (PAD), yet biomarker research for MACE prediction in PAD patients remains limited. Inflammatory proteins...

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Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Ben Li, Eva Lindner, Raghad Abuhalimeh, Farah Shaikh, Houssam Younes, Batool Abuhalimeh, Abdelrahman Zamzam, Rawand Abdin, Mohammad Qadura
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Biomedicines
Subjects:
inflammatory proteins
tumor necrosis factor alpha
interferon gamma
major adverse cardiovascular events
prognosis
peripheral artery disease
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/13/7/1586
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