Characteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquake
Abstarct The Hindu Kush is seismically active zone locates to the southwest of Pamir Plateau. Earthquakes are frequent here, but very a few relevant studies on earthquake anomalies was found. We investigated the abnormal change of satellite microwave brightness temperature (MBT) related with the rec...
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Nature Portfolio
2025-01-01
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| Series: | npj Natural Hazards |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00060-z |
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| author | Yifan Ding Ziqing Wang Yuan Qi Wenfei Mao Qiqi Zhang Lixin Wu |
| author_facet | Yifan Ding Ziqing Wang Yuan Qi Wenfei Mao Qiqi Zhang Lixin Wu |
| author_sort | Yifan Ding |
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| description | Abstarct The Hindu Kush is seismically active zone locates to the southwest of Pamir Plateau. Earthquakes are frequent here, but very a few relevant studies on earthquake anomalies was found. We investigated the abnormal change of satellite microwave brightness temperature (MBT) related with the recent Mw 6.4 earthquake occurred on January 11, 2024 near the Karakum Desert, Hindu Kush. We found a significant positive MBT anomaly appeared in the eastern part of Karakum Desert, on the immediate west of the epicenter, from three days before and two days after the earthquake. The temporal characteristics of the positive MBT anomaly can be described in sequence as follows: pre-earthquake (pre-EQ) rising, near-earthquake (near-EQ) enhancing, co-earthquake (co-EQ) peaking, after-earthquake (after-EQ) persisting and dissipating eventually. Validating with multi-source auxiliary data such as surface temperature (ST), microwave polarization difference index (MPDI), soil moisture (SM), rainfall and snowfall, we confirmed the positive MBT anomaly appeared in the Karakum Desert from January 10 to January 13 was attributed to the seismic activity but not meteorological factors. The upward transfer of P-hole particles, activated in the deep hypocenter area by accumulated crustal stress during the pre-, co- and after-EQ period, to the Quaternary surface along the stress gradient, was believed to have reduced the local ground surface dielectric constant and amplified the microwave radiation, which leading subsequently to the positive MBT anomalies. In addition, we found there was also abnormal locally high CH4 concentration occurred near the epicenter one day before the earthquake, which was probably related to the fault relaxing and CH4 releasing before the impending earthquake. This study has reference significance for identifying potential MBT anomalies during the seismogenic period and for the earthquake early warning in Hindu Kush region. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-994d216c5aa94a35960f9ad02314afaa |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2948-2100 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Nature Portfolio |
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| series | npj Natural Hazards |
| spelling | doaj-art-994d216c5aa94a35960f9ad02314afaa2025-02-02T12:09:27ZengNature Portfolionpj Natural Hazards2948-21002025-01-012111010.1038/s44304-025-00060-zCharacteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquakeYifan Ding0Ziqing Wang1Yuan Qi2Wenfei Mao3Qiqi Zhang4Lixin Wu5School of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South UniversitySchool of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South UniversitySchool of Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Hong KongSchool of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South UniversitySchool of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South UniversitySchool of Geosciences and Info-Physics, Central South UniversityAbstarct The Hindu Kush is seismically active zone locates to the southwest of Pamir Plateau. Earthquakes are frequent here, but very a few relevant studies on earthquake anomalies was found. We investigated the abnormal change of satellite microwave brightness temperature (MBT) related with the recent Mw 6.4 earthquake occurred on January 11, 2024 near the Karakum Desert, Hindu Kush. We found a significant positive MBT anomaly appeared in the eastern part of Karakum Desert, on the immediate west of the epicenter, from three days before and two days after the earthquake. The temporal characteristics of the positive MBT anomaly can be described in sequence as follows: pre-earthquake (pre-EQ) rising, near-earthquake (near-EQ) enhancing, co-earthquake (co-EQ) peaking, after-earthquake (after-EQ) persisting and dissipating eventually. Validating with multi-source auxiliary data such as surface temperature (ST), microwave polarization difference index (MPDI), soil moisture (SM), rainfall and snowfall, we confirmed the positive MBT anomaly appeared in the Karakum Desert from January 10 to January 13 was attributed to the seismic activity but not meteorological factors. The upward transfer of P-hole particles, activated in the deep hypocenter area by accumulated crustal stress during the pre-, co- and after-EQ period, to the Quaternary surface along the stress gradient, was believed to have reduced the local ground surface dielectric constant and amplified the microwave radiation, which leading subsequently to the positive MBT anomalies. In addition, we found there was also abnormal locally high CH4 concentration occurred near the epicenter one day before the earthquake, which was probably related to the fault relaxing and CH4 releasing before the impending earthquake. This study has reference significance for identifying potential MBT anomalies during the seismogenic period and for the earthquake early warning in Hindu Kush region.https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00060-z |
| spellingShingle | Yifan Ding Ziqing Wang Yuan Qi Wenfei Mao Qiqi Zhang Lixin Wu Characteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquake npj Natural Hazards |
| title | Characteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquake |
| title_full | Characteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquake |
| title_fullStr | Characteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Characteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquake |
| title_short | Characteristics and mechanism of MBT anomaly of Karakum desert related with the Hindu Kush earthquake |
| title_sort | characteristics and mechanism of mbt anomaly of karakum desert related with the hindu kush earthquake |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1038/s44304-025-00060-z |
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