Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions

Abstract Carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals have become globally imperative, as evidenced by the Paris Agreement, and the Nationally Determined Contributions mechanism. At the recently ended COP28 climate summit, the majority of the participating countries encountered these challeng...

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Main Authors: Yasir Habib, Noor Raida Abd Rahman, Shujahat Haider Hashmi, Minhaj Ali
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-08-01
Series:Scientific Reports
Subjects:
Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11967-y
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author Yasir Habib
Noor Raida Abd Rahman
Shujahat Haider Hashmi
Minhaj Ali
author_facet Yasir Habib
Noor Raida Abd Rahman
Shujahat Haider Hashmi
Minhaj Ali
author_sort Yasir Habib
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals have become globally imperative, as evidenced by the Paris Agreement, and the Nationally Determined Contributions mechanism. At the recently ended COP28 climate summit, the majority of the participating countries encountered these challenges through financial commitments to attain their objectives of carbon neutrality for sustainable development. Green finance and environmental decentralization play key roles in realizing these targets. The core focus of this study is to demystify the impacts of green finance and environmental decentralization on sustainable development by employing a panel dataset comprising 44 OECD countries, spanning 1995–2022. Ecological footprint serves as an indicator of sustainable development. Financial investment directed towards climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation technologies with alternative output-input green finance indicators are used as measures for green finance. A new index was devised that incorporates multiple indicators of environmental decentralization to gauge its influence on sustainable development. Using OLS, Oster coefficient stability, Lewbel 2SLS, and Kiviet instrumental variable techniques, our findings demonstrate that green finance significantly enhances sustainable development across countries. The empirical findings reveal that green finance and environmental decentralization exhibit a positive, statistically significant influence on sustainable development in OECD countries, while also playing a mitigating role in the reduction of environmental degradation. Considering these findings, it is imperative that OECD countries formulate and implement policies that foster green financing and empower local governments. This formulation and authorization are crucial for reducing pollution through the stimulation of innovation in climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies. In doing so, these policies will substantially reinforce the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 12.
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spelling doaj-art-991a822ef69d4653a79110beb2aba7ff2025-08-20T03:42:48ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-08-0115112810.1038/s41598-025-11967-yGreen finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitionsYasir Habib0Noor Raida Abd Rahman1Shujahat Haider Hashmi2Minhaj Ali3Institute of Energy Policy and Research (IEPRe), Universiti Tenaga NasionalInstitute of Energy Policy and Research (IEPRe), Universiti Tenaga NasionalInternational Business & Marketing Department, NUST Business School, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST)Advanced Research Centre, European University of LefkeAbstract Carbon neutrality and sustainable development goals have become globally imperative, as evidenced by the Paris Agreement, and the Nationally Determined Contributions mechanism. At the recently ended COP28 climate summit, the majority of the participating countries encountered these challenges through financial commitments to attain their objectives of carbon neutrality for sustainable development. Green finance and environmental decentralization play key roles in realizing these targets. The core focus of this study is to demystify the impacts of green finance and environmental decentralization on sustainable development by employing a panel dataset comprising 44 OECD countries, spanning 1995–2022. Ecological footprint serves as an indicator of sustainable development. Financial investment directed towards climate change mitigation and climate change adaptation technologies with alternative output-input green finance indicators are used as measures for green finance. A new index was devised that incorporates multiple indicators of environmental decentralization to gauge its influence on sustainable development. Using OLS, Oster coefficient stability, Lewbel 2SLS, and Kiviet instrumental variable techniques, our findings demonstrate that green finance significantly enhances sustainable development across countries. The empirical findings reveal that green finance and environmental decentralization exhibit a positive, statistically significant influence on sustainable development in OECD countries, while also playing a mitigating role in the reduction of environmental degradation. Considering these findings, it is imperative that OECD countries formulate and implement policies that foster green financing and empower local governments. This formulation and authorization are crucial for reducing pollution through the stimulation of innovation in climate change mitigation and adaptation technologies. In doing so, these policies will substantially reinforce the achievement of the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals 9 and 12.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11967-ySustainable developmentGreen financeEnvironmental decentralizationEcological footprintCarbon neutralityEnergy transition
spellingShingle Yasir Habib
Noor Raida Abd Rahman
Shujahat Haider Hashmi
Minhaj Ali
Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions
Scientific Reports
Sustainable development
Green finance
Environmental decentralization
Ecological footprint
Carbon neutrality
Energy transition
title Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions
title_full Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions
title_fullStr Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions
title_full_unstemmed Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions
title_short Green finance and environmental decentralization drive OECD low carbon transitions
title_sort green finance and environmental decentralization drive oecd low carbon transitions
topic Sustainable development
Green finance
Environmental decentralization
Ecological footprint
Carbon neutrality
Energy transition
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-11967-y
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AT noorraidaabdrahman greenfinanceandenvironmentaldecentralizationdriveoecdlowcarbontransitions
AT shujahathaiderhashmi greenfinanceandenvironmentaldecentralizationdriveoecdlowcarbontransitions
AT minhajali greenfinanceandenvironmentaldecentralizationdriveoecdlowcarbontransitions