Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan
Toxoplasma infection is one of the most common human parasitic diseases. During 2018-2020, in the rural areas of three districts of Pakistan, we surveyed a total of 451 animals, belonging to different asymptomatic ruminant species, to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. We used...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Parasitology Research |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6653239 |
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| author | Abid Ali Talha Omer Asad Ullah Abdul Haleem Maryam Naseem Mujeeb Ullah Seemab Fahad Shamim Amna Tehreem Muhammad Bilal Muhammad Numan Khan |
| author_facet | Abid Ali Talha Omer Asad Ullah Abdul Haleem Maryam Naseem Mujeeb Ullah Seemab Fahad Shamim Amna Tehreem Muhammad Bilal Muhammad Numan Khan |
| author_sort | Abid Ali |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Toxoplasma infection is one of the most common human parasitic diseases. During 2018-2020, in the rural areas of three districts of Pakistan, we surveyed a total of 451 animals, belonging to different asymptomatic ruminant species, to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. We used ELISA assay as well as recorded some associated risk factors contributing to its transmission. IgM antibodies were detected in 17% and IgG in 13.4% of ruminant samples with the highest percentage, 10% for IgM and 8.6% for IgG in sheep. A strong significant association was found between antibodies and different species (IgM, χ2=29.280, P=.000, and IgG, χ2=22.580, P=.000), respectively. Infection with T. gondii seems mainly associated with different geographic features and the presence of cats in the environment, low hygiene water systems and livestock that are mostly dependent on outdoor drinking and grazing. There was no significant association between IgM and age grouping (χ2=6.660, P=0.840 nor for IgG (χ2=8.136, P=0.43). The results of this study may be considered the starting point to promote the awareness about parasitic infections in ruminants in Pakistan in order to prevent this infection from further spreading. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-990e486328454d6b987036321eb429d0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-0023 2090-0031 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Parasitology Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-990e486328454d6b987036321eb429d02025-02-03T01:01:34ZengWileyJournal of Parasitology Research2090-00232090-00312021-01-01202110.1155/2021/66532396653239Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of PakistanAbid Ali0Talha Omer1Asad Ullah2Abdul Haleem3Maryam Naseem4Mujeeb Ullah5Seemab6Fahad Shamim7Amna Tehreem8Muhammad Bilal9Muhammad Numan Khan10Department of Zoology, Government Degree College Akbarpura Nowshera, PakistanDepartment of Statistics and Computer Science University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, University of Agriculture Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, University of Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Islamia College Peshawar, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Government College Women University Faisalabad, PakistanDepartment of Fisheries and Aquaculture, University of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Lahore, PakistanDepartment of Zoology, Quaid e Azam University Islamabad, PakistanToxoplasma infection is one of the most common human parasitic diseases. During 2018-2020, in the rural areas of three districts of Pakistan, we surveyed a total of 451 animals, belonging to different asymptomatic ruminant species, to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies. We used ELISA assay as well as recorded some associated risk factors contributing to its transmission. IgM antibodies were detected in 17% and IgG in 13.4% of ruminant samples with the highest percentage, 10% for IgM and 8.6% for IgG in sheep. A strong significant association was found between antibodies and different species (IgM, χ2=29.280, P=.000, and IgG, χ2=22.580, P=.000), respectively. Infection with T. gondii seems mainly associated with different geographic features and the presence of cats in the environment, low hygiene water systems and livestock that are mostly dependent on outdoor drinking and grazing. There was no significant association between IgM and age grouping (χ2=6.660, P=0.840 nor for IgG (χ2=8.136, P=0.43). The results of this study may be considered the starting point to promote the awareness about parasitic infections in ruminants in Pakistan in order to prevent this infection from further spreading.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6653239 |
| spellingShingle | Abid Ali Talha Omer Asad Ullah Abdul Haleem Maryam Naseem Mujeeb Ullah Seemab Fahad Shamim Amna Tehreem Muhammad Bilal Muhammad Numan Khan Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan Journal of Parasitology Research |
| title | Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan |
| title_full | Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan |
| title_fullStr | Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan |
| title_full_unstemmed | Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan |
| title_short | Epidemiological Survey of Toxoplasma gondii and Associated Risk Factors in Ruminant Species of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Province of Pakistan |
| title_sort | epidemiological survey of toxoplasma gondii and associated risk factors in ruminant species of the khyber pakhtunkhwa province of pakistan |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/6653239 |
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