Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid Catalysts

Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide as it is the primary unit of cellulose and starch, which are the more relevant feedstocks for biorefineries. Dehydration of glucose can lead to anhydroglucoses, whose interest has been increasing due to its potential industrial use. Commercial sulfonic pol...

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Main Authors: Kryslaine M. A. Santos, Simone J. Canhaci, Rafael F. Perez, Marco A. Fraga
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:Reactions
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Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2624-781X/6/2/26
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author Kryslaine M. A. Santos
Simone J. Canhaci
Rafael F. Perez
Marco A. Fraga
author_facet Kryslaine M. A. Santos
Simone J. Canhaci
Rafael F. Perez
Marco A. Fraga
author_sort Kryslaine M. A. Santos
collection DOAJ
description Glucose is the most abundant monosaccharide as it is the primary unit of cellulose and starch, which are the more relevant feedstocks for biorefineries. Dehydration of glucose can lead to anhydroglucoses, whose interest has been increasing due to its potential industrial use. Commercial sulfonic polymer resins and a synthesized organic–inorganic mesoporous material were taken as Brønsted acid catalysts. High hexose conversion (up to 98%) and selectivity to anhydroglucoses (~80%) could be reached, turning this process into an alternative route to carbohydrate pyrolysis that presents an energy-intensive downstream. Hexose conversion to anhydroglucoses was related to the amount of acid sites, and the removal of one molecule of water from hexoses to produce anhydroglucoses was found as the preferential dehydration route over a bare Brønsted acid catalyst in anhydrous polar aprotic solvent (DMF) at mild conditions. Product distribution changed dramatically upon catalyst deactivation with HMF and fructose emerging as relevant products. It was suggested that an additional Lewis surface is produced during the deactivation process, probably arising from the formation of insoluble high molecular weight compounds in acidic media.
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spelling doaj-art-98c0e06a0c9248138ee9bd239bf906932025-08-20T03:16:38ZengMDPI AGReactions2624-781X2025-04-01622610.3390/reactions6020026Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid CatalystsKryslaine M. A. Santos0Simone J. Canhaci1Rafael F. Perez2Marco A. Fraga3Laboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia—INT, Av. Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, BrazilLaboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia—INT, Av. Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, BrazilLaboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia—INT, Av. Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, BrazilLaboratório de Catálise, Instituto Nacional de Tecnologia—INT, Av. Venezuela, 82/518, Saúde, Rio de Janeiro 20081-312, BrazilGlucose is the most abundant monosaccharide as it is the primary unit of cellulose and starch, which are the more relevant feedstocks for biorefineries. Dehydration of glucose can lead to anhydroglucoses, whose interest has been increasing due to its potential industrial use. Commercial sulfonic polymer resins and a synthesized organic–inorganic mesoporous material were taken as Brønsted acid catalysts. High hexose conversion (up to 98%) and selectivity to anhydroglucoses (~80%) could be reached, turning this process into an alternative route to carbohydrate pyrolysis that presents an energy-intensive downstream. Hexose conversion to anhydroglucoses was related to the amount of acid sites, and the removal of one molecule of water from hexoses to produce anhydroglucoses was found as the preferential dehydration route over a bare Brønsted acid catalyst in anhydrous polar aprotic solvent (DMF) at mild conditions. Product distribution changed dramatically upon catalyst deactivation with HMF and fructose emerging as relevant products. It was suggested that an additional Lewis surface is produced during the deactivation process, probably arising from the formation of insoluble high molecular weight compounds in acidic media.https://www.mdpi.com/2624-781X/6/2/26hexosesglucosefructosemannosemaltoselevoglucosan
spellingShingle Kryslaine M. A. Santos
Simone J. Canhaci
Rafael F. Perez
Marco A. Fraga
Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid Catalysts
Reactions
hexoses
glucose
fructose
mannose
maltose
levoglucosan
title Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid Catalysts
title_full Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid Catalysts
title_fullStr Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid Catalysts
title_full_unstemmed Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid Catalysts
title_short Hexoses Biorefinery: Driving Glucose Dehydration over Sulfonic Polymer and Hybrid Acid Catalysts
title_sort hexoses biorefinery driving glucose dehydration over sulfonic polymer and hybrid acid catalysts
topic hexoses
glucose
fructose
mannose
maltose
levoglucosan
url https://www.mdpi.com/2624-781X/6/2/26
work_keys_str_mv AT kryslainemasantos hexosesbiorefinerydrivingglucosedehydrationoversulfonicpolymerandhybridacidcatalysts
AT simonejcanhaci hexosesbiorefinerydrivingglucosedehydrationoversulfonicpolymerandhybridacidcatalysts
AT rafaelfperez hexosesbiorefinerydrivingglucosedehydrationoversulfonicpolymerandhybridacidcatalysts
AT marcoafraga hexosesbiorefinerydrivingglucosedehydrationoversulfonicpolymerandhybridacidcatalysts