Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Controls
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Data that compare nasal Cottle-area-2 (i.e., nasal valve) and Cottle-area-3 are sparce. We intended to compare these areas in subjects with and without nasal obstruction. <b>Methods</b>: We compared cross-sectional areas, derived by computed tomo...
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2025-05-01
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| author | Helen Heppt Gerlig Widmann Matthias Santer Felix Riechelmann Herbert Riechelmann Aris I. Giotakis |
| author_facet | Helen Heppt Gerlig Widmann Matthias Santer Felix Riechelmann Herbert Riechelmann Aris I. Giotakis |
| author_sort | Helen Heppt |
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| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Data that compare nasal Cottle-area-2 (i.e., nasal valve) and Cottle-area-3 are sparce. We intended to compare these areas in subjects with and without nasal obstruction. <b>Methods</b>: We compared cross-sectional areas, derived by computed tomography, of Cottle-area-2 (CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub>) and Cottle-area-3 (CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub>), in cases planned for surgery due to chronic nasal obstruction and controls with trauma not involving the head. In these cases, we investigated the correlation of the size of narrow and wide sides with active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR). <b>Results</b>: In 56 cases, CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub> were 15% smaller than CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub> (all <i>p</i> < 0.007). However, both were similarly large in 56 controls (all <i>p</i> > 0.2). Both narrow sides of the CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub> and CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub> were significantly smaller in cases (69 ± 23 mm<sup>2</sup> and 79 ± 28 mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively) than in controls (91 ± 21 mm<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.001 and 93 ± 21 mm<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). However, only the size of the total nasal airway of CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub> was significantly smaller in cases (<i>p</i> < 0.001), not that of CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub> (<i>p</i> > 0.2). Correlations of AAR with CT were significant only on the narrow sides (all <i>p</i> < 0.037), but not on the wide sides (all <i>p</i> > 0.2). <b>Conclusions</b>: In contrast to Cottle-area-3, the total nasal airway of Cottle-area-2, i.e., nasal valve, was smaller in patients with nasal obstruction, the latter of which may not be easily identified before nasal surgical procedures. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98add7f461c94de78588f663efe62de4 |
| institution | OA Journals |
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| publishDate | 2025-05-01 |
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| spelling | doaj-art-98add7f461c94de78588f663efe62de42025-08-20T02:32:57ZengMDPI AGDiagnostics2075-44182025-05-011511132110.3390/diagnostics15111321Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and ControlsHelen Heppt0Gerlig Widmann1Matthias Santer2Felix Riechelmann3Herbert Riechelmann4Aris I. Giotakis5Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Radiology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Orthopaedics and Traumatology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, AustriaDepartment of Otorhinolaryngology, Medical University of Innsbruck, 6020 Innsbruck, Austria<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Data that compare nasal Cottle-area-2 (i.e., nasal valve) and Cottle-area-3 are sparce. We intended to compare these areas in subjects with and without nasal obstruction. <b>Methods</b>: We compared cross-sectional areas, derived by computed tomography, of Cottle-area-2 (CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub>) and Cottle-area-3 (CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub>), in cases planned for surgery due to chronic nasal obstruction and controls with trauma not involving the head. In these cases, we investigated the correlation of the size of narrow and wide sides with active anterior rhinomanometry (AAR). <b>Results</b>: In 56 cases, CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub> were 15% smaller than CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub> (all <i>p</i> < 0.007). However, both were similarly large in 56 controls (all <i>p</i> > 0.2). Both narrow sides of the CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub> and CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub> were significantly smaller in cases (69 ± 23 mm<sup>2</sup> and 79 ± 28 mm<sup>2</sup>, respectively) than in controls (91 ± 21 mm<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> < 0.001 and 93 ± 21 mm<sup>2</sup>; <i>p</i> = 0.004, respectively). However, only the size of the total nasal airway of CT-CSA<sub>COT-2</sub> was significantly smaller in cases (<i>p</i> < 0.001), not that of CT-CSA<sub>COT-3</sub> (<i>p</i> > 0.2). Correlations of AAR with CT were significant only on the narrow sides (all <i>p</i> < 0.037), but not on the wide sides (all <i>p</i> > 0.2). <b>Conclusions</b>: In contrast to Cottle-area-3, the total nasal airway of Cottle-area-2, i.e., nasal valve, was smaller in patients with nasal obstruction, the latter of which may not be easily identified before nasal surgical procedures.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1321nasal patencynasal obstructioncomputed tomographycase-control studiescross-sectional anatomy |
| spellingShingle | Helen Heppt Gerlig Widmann Matthias Santer Felix Riechelmann Herbert Riechelmann Aris I. Giotakis Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Controls Diagnostics nasal patency nasal obstruction computed tomography case-control studies cross-sectional anatomy |
| title | Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Controls |
| title_full | Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Controls |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Controls |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Controls |
| title_short | Comparison of Cottle-Area-2 and Cottle-Area-3 in Computed Tomography Scans of Patients with Nasal Obstruction and Controls |
| title_sort | comparison of cottle area 2 and cottle area 3 in computed tomography scans of patients with nasal obstruction and controls |
| topic | nasal patency nasal obstruction computed tomography case-control studies cross-sectional anatomy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4418/15/11/1321 |
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