The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study
Abstract It is unclear how steroid hormones contribute to stroke, and conducting randomized controlled trials to obtain related evidence is challenging. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) technique was employed in this study to examine this association. Through genome-wide association meta-anal...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Molecular Brain |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01173-2 |
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| author | Yang Zhang Miaowen Jiang Di Wu Ming Li Xunming Ji |
| author_facet | Yang Zhang Miaowen Jiang Di Wu Ming Li Xunming Ji |
| author_sort | Yang Zhang |
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| description | Abstract It is unclear how steroid hormones contribute to stroke, and conducting randomized controlled trials to obtain related evidence is challenging. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) technique was employed in this study to examine this association. Through genome-wide association meta-analysis, the genetic variants of steroid hormones, including testosterone/17β-estradiol (T/E2) ratio, aldosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, and hydroxyprogesterone, were acquired as instrumental variables. Analysis was done on the impact of these steroid hormones on the risk of stroke subtypes. The T/E2 ratio was associated to an elevated risk of small vessel stroke (SVS) according to the inverse variance weighted approach which was the main MR analytic technique (OR, 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.44, p = 0.009). These findings were solid since no heterogeneity nor horizontal pleiotropy were found. The causal association between T/E2 and SVS was also confirmed in the replication study (p = 0.009). Nevertheless, there was no proof that other steroid hormones increased the risk of stroke. According to this study, T/E2 ratio and SVS are causally related. However, strong evidence for the impact of other steroid hormones on stroke subtypes is still lacking. These findings may be beneficial for developing stroke prevention strategies from steroid hormones levels. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-98ac0774ab404c4a9d8e93746ae815b4 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1756-6606 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
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| series | Molecular Brain |
| spelling | doaj-art-98ac0774ab404c4a9d8e93746ae815b42025-01-26T12:58:06ZengBMCMolecular Brain1756-66062025-01-011811910.1186/s13041-025-01173-2The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization studyYang Zhang0Miaowen Jiang1Di Wu2Ming Li3Xunming Ji4Department of Neurology, Xuanwu Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityBeijing Institute of Brain Disorders, Capital Medical UniversityXuanwu Hospital, China-America Institute of Neurology, Capital Medical UniversityXuanwu Hospital, China-America Institute of Neurology, Capital Medical UniversityXuanwu Hospital, China-America Institute of Neurology, Capital Medical UniversityAbstract It is unclear how steroid hormones contribute to stroke, and conducting randomized controlled trials to obtain related evidence is challenging. Therefore, Mendelian randomization (MR) technique was employed in this study to examine this association. Through genome-wide association meta-analysis, the genetic variants of steroid hormones, including testosterone/17β-estradiol (T/E2) ratio, aldosterone, androstenedione, progesterone, and hydroxyprogesterone, were acquired as instrumental variables. Analysis was done on the impact of these steroid hormones on the risk of stroke subtypes. The T/E2 ratio was associated to an elevated risk of small vessel stroke (SVS) according to the inverse variance weighted approach which was the main MR analytic technique (OR, 1.23, 95% CI: 1.05–1.44, p = 0.009). These findings were solid since no heterogeneity nor horizontal pleiotropy were found. The causal association between T/E2 and SVS was also confirmed in the replication study (p = 0.009). Nevertheless, there was no proof that other steroid hormones increased the risk of stroke. According to this study, T/E2 ratio and SVS are causally related. However, strong evidence for the impact of other steroid hormones on stroke subtypes is still lacking. These findings may be beneficial for developing stroke prevention strategies from steroid hormones levels.https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01173-2Steroid hormonesStrokeIschemic strokeSmall vessel strokeMendelian randomization studySingle nucleotide polymorphisms |
| spellingShingle | Yang Zhang Miaowen Jiang Di Wu Ming Li Xunming Ji The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study Molecular Brain Steroid hormones Stroke Ischemic stroke Small vessel stroke Mendelian randomization study Single nucleotide polymorphisms |
| title | The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full | The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_fullStr | The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_full_unstemmed | The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_short | The causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke: evidence from a two-sample Mendelian randomization study |
| title_sort | causal relationship between steroid hormones and risk of stroke evidence from a two sample mendelian randomization study |
| topic | Steroid hormones Stroke Ischemic stroke Small vessel stroke Mendelian randomization study Single nucleotide polymorphisms |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s13041-025-01173-2 |
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