Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms
Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic infectious disease and a chronic wasting illness. Accordingly, detecting and eradicating bTB remains a significant challenge in South Korea. This study evaluated the efficacy of a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol for detecting bTB in...
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MDPI AG
2025-03-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/331 |
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| author | Chan-Ho Park Jaemung Kim Yun-Ho Jang Sehyun Son Sungweon Ryoo Jung-Ho Kim Sang-Min Won Kyu-Wook Kim Sungwon Hong Bo-Young Jeon Son-Il Pak Byung-Il Yoon |
| author_facet | Chan-Ho Park Jaemung Kim Yun-Ho Jang Sehyun Son Sungweon Ryoo Jung-Ho Kim Sang-Min Won Kyu-Wook Kim Sungwon Hong Bo-Young Jeon Son-Il Pak Byung-Il Yoon |
| author_sort | Chan-Ho Park |
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| description | Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic infectious disease and a chronic wasting illness. Accordingly, detecting and eradicating bTB remains a significant challenge in South Korea. This study evaluated the efficacy of a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol for detecting bTB in cattle. The protocol included two ELISA tests: one performed on the day of purified protein derivative (PPD) inoculation and another seven days post-inoculation. Results show a significant increase in ELISA detection rates, from 11% to 76%, particularly in cattle that tested positive for the tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assays (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Notably, some cattle that were negative or had doubtful results in TST and IFN-γ assays transitioned to ELISA positive post-PPD inoculation. Additionally, some cattle identified as positive only by ELISA (S/<i>p</i> value ≥ 0.3) were confirmed to have bTB through gross examination or real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The proposed protocol was validated in bTB outbreak farms using S/<i>p</i> thresholds of 0.3 (PPD inoculation day) and 0.5 (seven days post-PPD), enabling the detection of infected cattle missed by TST and IFN-γ assays. Implementing this approach successfully eradicated bTB in outbreak farms with minimal culling. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating sequential ELISA tests to enhance bTB detection and support eradication efforts. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9622f3f7a0cf4fb29c3776dc3da890d6 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj-art-9622f3f7a0cf4fb29c3776dc3da890d62025-08-20T03:13:53ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172025-03-0114433110.3390/pathogens14040331Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak FarmsChan-Ho Park0Jaemung Kim1Yun-Ho Jang2Sehyun Son3Sungweon Ryoo4Jung-Ho Kim5Sang-Min Won6Kyu-Wook Kim7Sungwon Hong8Bo-Young Jeon9Son-Il Pak10Byung-Il Yoon11College of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreaBacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal & Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaBacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal & Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaBacterial Disease Division, Department of Animal & Plant Health Research, Animal and Plant Quarantine Agency, Gimcheon 39660, Republic of KoreaClinical Research Center, Masan National Tuberculosis Hospital, Changwon 51755, Republic of KoreaBio-Contents Operation Division, BIONOTE, Inc., Hwaseong-si 18449, Republic of KoreaAgriculture & Livestock Division, Ulsan Metropolitan City, Ulsan 44675, Republic of KoreaSolvet, Inc., Anseong-si 17609, Republic of KoreaKogeneBiotech Co., Geumcheon-gu, Seoul 08507, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Biomedical Laboratory Science, College of Software and Digital Healthcare Convergence Yonsei University, Wonju 26493, Republic of KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine and Institute of Veterinary Science, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, Republic of KoreaBovine tuberculosis (bTB) is a zoonotic infectious disease and a chronic wasting illness. Accordingly, detecting and eradicating bTB remains a significant challenge in South Korea. This study evaluated the efficacy of a modified enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) protocol for detecting bTB in cattle. The protocol included two ELISA tests: one performed on the day of purified protein derivative (PPD) inoculation and another seven days post-inoculation. Results show a significant increase in ELISA detection rates, from 11% to 76%, particularly in cattle that tested positive for the tuberculin skin test (TST) and/or interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) assays (<i>p</i> < 0.0001). Notably, some cattle that were negative or had doubtful results in TST and IFN-γ assays transitioned to ELISA positive post-PPD inoculation. Additionally, some cattle identified as positive only by ELISA (S/<i>p</i> value ≥ 0.3) were confirmed to have bTB through gross examination or real-time reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (rRT-PCR). The proposed protocol was validated in bTB outbreak farms using S/<i>p</i> thresholds of 0.3 (PPD inoculation day) and 0.5 (seven days post-PPD), enabling the detection of infected cattle missed by TST and IFN-γ assays. Implementing this approach successfully eradicated bTB in outbreak farms with minimal culling. These findings highlight the potential of incorporating sequential ELISA tests to enhance bTB detection and support eradication efforts.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/331bovine tuberculosisSouth KoreaELISAseven days post-PPD |
| spellingShingle | Chan-Ho Park Jaemung Kim Yun-Ho Jang Sehyun Son Sungweon Ryoo Jung-Ho Kim Sang-Min Won Kyu-Wook Kim Sungwon Hong Bo-Young Jeon Son-Il Pak Byung-Il Yoon Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms Pathogens bovine tuberculosis South Korea ELISA seven days post-PPD |
| title | Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms |
| title_full | Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms |
| title_fullStr | Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms |
| title_short | Re-Evaluation of ELISA for the Detection of Bovine Tuberculosis and a New Proposal for Its Use in Eradication Efforts on Outbreak Farms |
| title_sort | re evaluation of elisa for the detection of bovine tuberculosis and a new proposal for its use in eradication efforts on outbreak farms |
| topic | bovine tuberculosis South Korea ELISA seven days post-PPD |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/14/4/331 |
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