Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress
It has been demonstrated that immobilization (IMO) stress affects neuroimmune systems followed by alterations of physiology and behavior. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is known to regulate inflammation caused by immune challenge but the effect of IMO on modulation of IL-4 expr...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2016-01-01
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| Series: | Mediators of Inflammation |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3501905 |
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| _version_ | 1832555120535011328 |
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| author | Hyun-ju Lee Hyun-Jung Park Angela Starkweather Kyungeh An Insop Shim |
| author_facet | Hyun-ju Lee Hyun-Jung Park Angela Starkweather Kyungeh An Insop Shim |
| author_sort | Hyun-ju Lee |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | It has been demonstrated that immobilization (IMO) stress affects neuroimmune systems followed by alterations of physiology and behavior. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is known to regulate inflammation caused by immune challenge but the effect of IMO on modulation of IL-4 expression in the brain has not been assessed yet. Here, it was demonstrated that IL-4 was produced by noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the brain and release of IL-4 was reduced in response to IMO. It was observed that IMO groups were more anxious than nontreated groups. Acute IMO (2 h/day, once) stimulated secretion of plasma corticosterone and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the LC whereas these increments were diminished in exposure to chronic stress (2 h/day, 21 consecutive days). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), TH, and IL-4-expressing cells were localized in identical neurons of the LC, indicating that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal- (HPA-) axis and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary- (SAM-) axis might be involved in IL-4 secretion in the stress response. Accordingly, it was concluded that stress-induced decline of IL-4 concentration from LC neurons may be related to anxiety-like behavior and an inverse relationship exists between IL-4 secretion and HPA/SAM-axes activation. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-95d4eda2b6424be69b1e4edd981666cb |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0962-9351 1466-1861 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2016-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Mediators of Inflammation |
| spelling | doaj-art-95d4eda2b6424be69b1e4edd981666cb2025-02-03T05:49:35ZengWileyMediators of Inflammation0962-93511466-18612016-01-01201610.1155/2016/35019053501905Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization StressHyun-ju Lee0Hyun-Jung Park1Angela Starkweather2Kyungeh An3Insop Shim4Acupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaAcupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Adult Health and Nursing Systems, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0567, USADepartment of Adult Health and Nursing Systems, School of Nursing, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298-0567, USAAcupuncture and Meridian Science Research Center, College of Oriental Medicine, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyunghee-daero, Dongdaemun-gu, Seoul 130-701, Republic of KoreaIt has been demonstrated that immobilization (IMO) stress affects neuroimmune systems followed by alterations of physiology and behavior. Interleukin-4 (IL-4), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, is known to regulate inflammation caused by immune challenge but the effect of IMO on modulation of IL-4 expression in the brain has not been assessed yet. Here, it was demonstrated that IL-4 was produced by noradrenergic neurons in the locus coeruleus (LC) of the brain and release of IL-4 was reduced in response to IMO. It was observed that IMO groups were more anxious than nontreated groups. Acute IMO (2 h/day, once) stimulated secretion of plasma corticosterone and tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) in the LC whereas these increments were diminished in exposure to chronic stress (2 h/day, 21 consecutive days). Glucocorticoid receptor (GR), TH, and IL-4-expressing cells were localized in identical neurons of the LC, indicating that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal- (HPA-) axis and sympathetic-adrenal-medullary- (SAM-) axis might be involved in IL-4 secretion in the stress response. Accordingly, it was concluded that stress-induced decline of IL-4 concentration from LC neurons may be related to anxiety-like behavior and an inverse relationship exists between IL-4 secretion and HPA/SAM-axes activation.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3501905 |
| spellingShingle | Hyun-ju Lee Hyun-Jung Park Angela Starkweather Kyungeh An Insop Shim Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress Mediators of Inflammation |
| title | Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress |
| title_full | Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress |
| title_fullStr | Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress |
| title_short | Decreased Interleukin-4 Release from the Neurons of the Locus Coeruleus in Response to Immobilization Stress |
| title_sort | decreased interleukin 4 release from the neurons of the locus coeruleus in response to immobilization stress |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/3501905 |
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