Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures
Abstract High coercivity and anti-corrosion properties are required for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets used in new energy and off-shore wind power industries. Here, we found that both magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B magnets can be significantly improved by grain boundary diffusion...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SpringerOpen
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00222-x |
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| _version_ | 1832571944693661696 |
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| author | Xuhang Zhang Wanqi Qiu Yixin Xu Xuefeng Liao Qing Zhou Hongya Yu Zhongwu Liu |
| author_facet | Xuhang Zhang Wanqi Qiu Yixin Xu Xuefeng Liao Qing Zhou Hongya Yu Zhongwu Liu |
| author_sort | Xuhang Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract High coercivity and anti-corrosion properties are required for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets used in new energy and off-shore wind power industries. Here, we found that both magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B magnets can be significantly improved by grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of Tb69Ni31 alloy. The diffusion temperature is a key factor in determining both the magnetic properties and corrosion resistance. The wettability of Tb69Ni31 alloy with the magnet and the fluidity of Tb69Ni31 alloy gradually increase with increasing temperature above 750 ℃, which facilitates the elements diffusion. Tb and Ni show different diffusion behaviors at different temperatures. The magnet diffused at a relatively high temperature exhibits high coercivity due to the formation of a thick Tb-rich shell in the grain with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field. However, excessive grain growth leads to a reduction in coercivity as the diffusion temperature further increases. The highest corrosion resistance is achieved by Tb69Ni31 alloy diffusion at a relatively lower temperature. By analyzing the Volta potential distribution using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, the Ni-rich phase with high potential formed in grain boundaries is mainly responsible for the improved corrosion resistance. The current results suggested that the performance of Tb-Ni diffused magnets can be controlled by the diffusion behaviors of Tb and Ni. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-95b6fe53227a426e870d98ca21314e2b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 3004-8958 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | SpringerOpen |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-95b6fe53227a426e870d98ca21314e2b2025-02-02T12:10:56ZengSpringerOpenJournal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering3004-89582025-01-0120111210.1186/s40712-025-00222-xDiffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperaturesXuhang Zhang0Wanqi Qiu1Yixin Xu2Xuefeng Liao3Qing Zhou4Hongya Yu5Zhongwu Liu6School of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologyGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Development and Application, Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of SciencesGuangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Rare Earth Development and Application, Institute of Resources Utilization and Rare Earth Development, Guangdong Academy of SciencesSchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologySchool of Materials Science and Engineering, South China University of TechnologyAbstract High coercivity and anti-corrosion properties are required for sintered Nd-Fe-B magnets used in new energy and off-shore wind power industries. Here, we found that both magnetic properties and corrosion resistance of Nd-Fe-B magnets can be significantly improved by grain boundary diffusion (GBD) of Tb69Ni31 alloy. The diffusion temperature is a key factor in determining both the magnetic properties and corrosion resistance. The wettability of Tb69Ni31 alloy with the magnet and the fluidity of Tb69Ni31 alloy gradually increase with increasing temperature above 750 ℃, which facilitates the elements diffusion. Tb and Ni show different diffusion behaviors at different temperatures. The magnet diffused at a relatively high temperature exhibits high coercivity due to the formation of a thick Tb-rich shell in the grain with high magnetocrystalline anisotropy field. However, excessive grain growth leads to a reduction in coercivity as the diffusion temperature further increases. The highest corrosion resistance is achieved by Tb69Ni31 alloy diffusion at a relatively lower temperature. By analyzing the Volta potential distribution using scanning Kelvin probe force microscopy, the Ni-rich phase with high potential formed in grain boundaries is mainly responsible for the improved corrosion resistance. The current results suggested that the performance of Tb-Ni diffused magnets can be controlled by the diffusion behaviors of Tb and Ni.https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00222-xNd-Fe-B magnetsGrain boundary diffusionMagnetic propertiesCorrosion resistanceWettability and flowability |
| spellingShingle | Xuhang Zhang Wanqi Qiu Yixin Xu Xuefeng Liao Qing Zhou Hongya Yu Zhongwu Liu Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Engineering Nd-Fe-B magnets Grain boundary diffusion Magnetic properties Corrosion resistance Wettability and flowability |
| title | Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures |
| title_full | Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures |
| title_fullStr | Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures |
| title_full_unstemmed | Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures |
| title_short | Diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of Nd-Fe-B magnets diffused by Tb-Ni alloy at various temperatures |
| title_sort | diffusion behavior controlled performance enhancement of nd fe b magnets diffused by tb ni alloy at various temperatures |
| topic | Nd-Fe-B magnets Grain boundary diffusion Magnetic properties Corrosion resistance Wettability and flowability |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40712-025-00222-x |
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