Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights
Abstract The last decade has witnessed unprecedented succusses with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer. Nevertheless, the proportion of patients who respond favorably to the treatment remained rather modest, partially due to treatment resistance. This has fueled a wave of res...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Molecular Cancer |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02212-7 |
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| author | Besan H. Alsaafeen Bassam R. Ali Eyad Elkord |
| author_facet | Besan H. Alsaafeen Bassam R. Ali Eyad Elkord |
| author_sort | Besan H. Alsaafeen |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract The last decade has witnessed unprecedented succusses with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer. Nevertheless, the proportion of patients who respond favorably to the treatment remained rather modest, partially due to treatment resistance. This has fueled a wave of research into potential mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors which can be classified into primary resistance or acquired resistance after an initial response. In the current review, we summarize what is known so far about the mechanisms of resistance in terms of being tumor-intrinsic or tumor-extrinsic taking into account the multimodal crosstalk between the tumor, immune system compartment and other host-related factors. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9560099c74d245f1baf56ff0685cf2f0 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1476-4598 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecular Cancer |
| spelling | doaj-art-9560099c74d245f1baf56ff0685cf2f02025-01-19T12:12:37ZengBMCMolecular Cancer1476-45982025-01-0124112010.1186/s12943-024-02212-7Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insightsBesan H. Alsaafeen0Bassam R. Ali1Eyad Elkord2Department of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityDepartment of Genetics and Genomics, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates UniversityDepartment of Biosciences and Bioinformatics & Suzhou Municipal Key Lab of Biomedical Sciences and Translational Immunology, School of Science, Xi’an Jiaotong-Liverpool UniversityAbstract The last decade has witnessed unprecedented succusses with the use of immune checkpoint inhibitors in treating cancer. Nevertheless, the proportion of patients who respond favorably to the treatment remained rather modest, partially due to treatment resistance. This has fueled a wave of research into potential mechanisms of resistance to immune checkpoint inhibitors which can be classified into primary resistance or acquired resistance after an initial response. In the current review, we summarize what is known so far about the mechanisms of resistance in terms of being tumor-intrinsic or tumor-extrinsic taking into account the multimodal crosstalk between the tumor, immune system compartment and other host-related factors.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02212-7Immune checkpoint inhibitorsResistanceTumor-intrinsicTumor-extrinsic |
| spellingShingle | Besan H. Alsaafeen Bassam R. Ali Eyad Elkord Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights Molecular Cancer Immune checkpoint inhibitors Resistance Tumor-intrinsic Tumor-extrinsic |
| title | Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights |
| title_full | Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights |
| title_fullStr | Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights |
| title_full_unstemmed | Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights |
| title_short | Resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors: updated insights |
| title_sort | resistance mechanisms to immune checkpoint inhibitors updated insights |
| topic | Immune checkpoint inhibitors Resistance Tumor-intrinsic Tumor-extrinsic |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12943-024-02212-7 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT besanhalsaafeen resistancemechanismstoimmunecheckpointinhibitorsupdatedinsights AT bassamrali resistancemechanismstoimmunecheckpointinhibitorsupdatedinsights AT eyadelkord resistancemechanismstoimmunecheckpointinhibitorsupdatedinsights |