Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance

Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a global issue that requires serious attention and management. Indiscriminate usage of antibiotics in livestock for growth promotion, disease prevention and treatment has led to the dissemination of AMR bacteria and resistance genes into the environment....

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Main Authors: Aswin Rafif Khairullah, Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses, Sheila Marty Yanestria, Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti, Mustofa Helmi Effendi, John Yew Huat Tang, Wiwiek Tyasningsih, Budiastuti Budiastuti, Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala, Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih, Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani, Syahputra Wibowo, Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf, Ima Fauziah, Riza Zainuddin Ahmad, Latifah Latifah
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Tripoli University 2025-02-01
Series:Open Veterinary Journal
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Online Access:http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=225539
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author Aswin Rafif Khairullah
Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
Sheila Marty Yanestria
Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti
Mustofa Helmi Effendi
John Yew Huat Tang
Wiwiek Tyasningsih
Budiastuti Budiastuti
Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala
Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih
Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani
Syahputra Wibowo
Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf
Ima Fauziah
Riza Zainuddin Ahmad
Latifah Latifah
author_facet Aswin Rafif Khairullah
Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
Sheila Marty Yanestria
Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti
Mustofa Helmi Effendi
John Yew Huat Tang
Wiwiek Tyasningsih
Budiastuti Budiastuti
Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala
Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih
Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani
Syahputra Wibowo
Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf
Ima Fauziah
Riza Zainuddin Ahmad
Latifah Latifah
author_sort Aswin Rafif Khairullah
collection DOAJ
description Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a global issue that requires serious attention and management. Indiscriminate usage of antibiotics in livestock for growth promotion, disease prevention and treatment has led to the dissemination of AMR bacteria and resistance genes into the environment. Besides, unethical antibiotic sales without prescriptions, poor sanitation and improper disposal cause significant amounts of antibiotics used in livestock to enter the environment causing the emergence of resistant bacteria. Intensive livestock farming is an important source of AMR genes and environmental bacteria contamination and possible transfer to human pathogens. Bacteria intrinsic antibiotic resistant which are independent of antibiotic use further complicate the AMR issue and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality following infections from AMR bacteria. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. are commonly found in livestock that carry resistance genes and the possibility of causing human infections. The impact of AMR, if left unchecked, could lead to substantial public health burdens globally with a predicted mortality rate higher than cancer by 2050. "One Health" integrates strategies across human, animal and environmental health domains, including improving antibiotic stewardship in livestock, preventing infection and raising awareness on the judicious use of antibiotics. Usage of antibiotic alternatives to control or prevent infections in livestock such as prebiotics, probiotics, bacteriophages, bacteriocins and vaccinations will help over-reliance on antibiotics. Coordinated international actions are needed to mitigate the spread of AMR through improved regulations, technology improvement, and awareness campaigns. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(2.000): 504-518]
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spelling doaj-art-952eda8e43f9436f8734eac2a28fdf9b2025-08-20T02:16:03ZengTripoli UniversityOpen Veterinary Journal2226-44852218-60502025-02-0115250451810.5455/OVJ.2025.v15.i2.2225539Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistanceAswin Rafif Khairullah0Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses1Sheila Marty Yanestria2Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti3Mustofa Helmi Effendi4John Yew Huat Tang5Wiwiek Tyasningsih6Budiastuti Budiastuti7Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala8Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih9Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani10Syahputra Wibowo11Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf12Ima Fauziah13Riza Zainuddin Ahmad14Latifah Latifah15Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Department of Applied Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Ebonyi State University, Abakaliki, Nigeria Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Wijaya Kusuma Surabaya, Surabaya, Indonesia Laboratory of Veterinary Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Brawijaya, Malang, Indonesia Division of Veterinary Public Health, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia School of Food Industry, Faculty of Bioresources, and Food Industry, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin (Besut Campus), Besut, Terengganu, Malaysia Division of Veterinary Microbiology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Airlangga, Surabaya, Indonesia Study Program of Pharmacy Science, Faculty of Health Science, Universitas Muhammadiyah Surabaya, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Research Center for Public Health and Nutrition, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Eijkman Research Center for Molecular Biology, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Research Center for Pharmaceutical Ingredients and Traditional Medicine, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Research Center for Veterinary Science, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, Indonesia Research Center for Animal Husbandry, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Bogor, IndonesiaAntimicrobial resistance (AMR) in bacteria is a global issue that requires serious attention and management. Indiscriminate usage of antibiotics in livestock for growth promotion, disease prevention and treatment has led to the dissemination of AMR bacteria and resistance genes into the environment. Besides, unethical antibiotic sales without prescriptions, poor sanitation and improper disposal cause significant amounts of antibiotics used in livestock to enter the environment causing the emergence of resistant bacteria. Intensive livestock farming is an important source of AMR genes and environmental bacteria contamination and possible transfer to human pathogens. Bacteria intrinsic antibiotic resistant which are independent of antibiotic use further complicate the AMR issue and increase the risk of morbidity and mortality following infections from AMR bacteria. Escherichia coli, Salmonella spp., and Staphylococcus spp. are commonly found in livestock that carry resistance genes and the possibility of causing human infections. The impact of AMR, if left unchecked, could lead to substantial public health burdens globally with a predicted mortality rate higher than cancer by 2050. "One Health" integrates strategies across human, animal and environmental health domains, including improving antibiotic stewardship in livestock, preventing infection and raising awareness on the judicious use of antibiotics. Usage of antibiotic alternatives to control or prevent infections in livestock such as prebiotics, probiotics, bacteriophages, bacteriocins and vaccinations will help over-reliance on antibiotics. Coordinated international actions are needed to mitigate the spread of AMR through improved regulations, technology improvement, and awareness campaigns. [Open Vet J 2025; 15(2.000): 504-518]http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=225539amrantibioticenvironmentlivestockpublic health
spellingShingle Aswin Rafif Khairullah
Ikechukwu Benjamin Moses
Sheila Marty Yanestria
Fidi Nur Aini Eka Puji Dameanti
Mustofa Helmi Effendi
John Yew Huat Tang
Wiwiek Tyasningsih
Budiastuti Budiastuti
Muhammad Khaliim Jati Kusala
Dea Anita Ariani Kurniasih
Bantari Wisynu Kusuma Wardhani
Syahputra Wibowo
Ilma Fauziah Ma'ruf
Ima Fauziah
Riza Zainuddin Ahmad
Latifah Latifah
Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance
Open Veterinary Journal
amr
antibiotic
environment
livestock
public health
title Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance
title_full Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance
title_fullStr Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance
title_full_unstemmed Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance
title_short Potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance
title_sort potential of the livestock industry environment as a reservoir for spreading antimicrobial resistance
topic amr
antibiotic
environment
livestock
public health
url http://www.ejmanager.com/fulltextpdf.php?mno=225539
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