Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion

The anisotropic creep response in both the XY and XZ planes of Ti–6Al–4V ELI manufactured by powder bed fusion (PBF) was examined under nanoindentation creep loading at room temperature, ranging from nm to μm scales. The stress exponent values of 4.06–4.30, rationalised through threshold stress, ind...

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Main Authors: Jeong-Rim Lee, Min-Su Lee, Ha-Seong Baek, Si Mo Yeon, Minki Kim, Tea-Sung Jun
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2024-11-01
Series:Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424022762
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author Jeong-Rim Lee
Min-Su Lee
Ha-Seong Baek
Si Mo Yeon
Minki Kim
Tea-Sung Jun
author_facet Jeong-Rim Lee
Min-Su Lee
Ha-Seong Baek
Si Mo Yeon
Minki Kim
Tea-Sung Jun
author_sort Jeong-Rim Lee
collection DOAJ
description The anisotropic creep response in both the XY and XZ planes of Ti–6Al–4V ELI manufactured by powder bed fusion (PBF) was examined under nanoindentation creep loading at room temperature, ranging from nm to μm scales. The stress exponent values of 4.06–4.30, rationalised through threshold stress, indicate that the creep behaviour is primarily dominated by dislocation gliding. Creep displacement results show that the anisotropic creep behaviour in the XY and XZ planes of the as-built, and heat treatment enhances the creep resistance of the XZ plane, while there is no significant difference in creep displacement between the as-built and heat-treated XY planes. Due to the higher dislocation density and compressive residual stress in the XY plane compared to the XZ plane, the creep resistance is higher in the XY plane for the as-built. It is highlighted that compressive residual stress is more relieved in the XY plane than in the XZ plane through heat treatment. The heat treatment results in improved creep resistance due to the formation of the Widmanstätten structure and β precipitates, which can impede dislocation movement under creep loading. The combination of residual stress and microstructural effects leads to anisotropic creep behaviour, suggesting that the anisotropy is inherited from the additive manufacturing process at micron scales.
format Article
id doaj-art-94c79d44ca0a42c08d34ffcfd2ee624c
institution OA Journals
issn 2238-7854
language English
publishDate 2024-11-01
publisher Elsevier
record_format Article
series Journal of Materials Research and Technology
spelling doaj-art-94c79d44ca0a42c08d34ffcfd2ee624c2025-08-20T01:57:24ZengElsevierJournal of Materials Research and Technology2238-78542024-11-01332803281110.1016/j.jmrt.2024.10.006Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusionJeong-Rim Lee0Min-Su Lee1Ha-Seong Baek2Si Mo Yeon3Minki Kim4Tea-Sung Jun5Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Advanced Joining and Additive Manufacturing R&D Department, Korea Institute of Industrial Technology, Gyeonggi-do, 15014, Republic of KoreaFlexible Manufacturing R&D Department, Korean Institute of Industrial Technology, Incheon, 21999, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Research Institute for Engineering and Technology, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea; Corresponding author. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Incheon National University, Incheon, 22012, Republic of Korea.The anisotropic creep response in both the XY and XZ planes of Ti–6Al–4V ELI manufactured by powder bed fusion (PBF) was examined under nanoindentation creep loading at room temperature, ranging from nm to μm scales. The stress exponent values of 4.06–4.30, rationalised through threshold stress, indicate that the creep behaviour is primarily dominated by dislocation gliding. Creep displacement results show that the anisotropic creep behaviour in the XY and XZ planes of the as-built, and heat treatment enhances the creep resistance of the XZ plane, while there is no significant difference in creep displacement between the as-built and heat-treated XY planes. Due to the higher dislocation density and compressive residual stress in the XY plane compared to the XZ plane, the creep resistance is higher in the XY plane for the as-built. It is highlighted that compressive residual stress is more relieved in the XY plane than in the XZ plane through heat treatment. The heat treatment results in improved creep resistance due to the formation of the Widmanstätten structure and β precipitates, which can impede dislocation movement under creep loading. The combination of residual stress and microstructural effects leads to anisotropic creep behaviour, suggesting that the anisotropy is inherited from the additive manufacturing process at micron scales.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424022762Additive manufacturingNanoindentationCreep behaviourTi–6Al–4VAnisotropy
spellingShingle Jeong-Rim Lee
Min-Su Lee
Ha-Seong Baek
Si Mo Yeon
Minki Kim
Tea-Sung Jun
Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
Journal of Materials Research and Technology
Additive manufacturing
Nanoindentation
Creep behaviour
Ti–6Al–4V
Anisotropy
title Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
title_full Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
title_fullStr Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
title_full_unstemmed Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
title_short Nanoindentation creep response of Ti–6Al–4V ELI alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
title_sort nanoindentation creep response of ti 6al 4v eli alloy manufactured via laser powder bed fusion
topic Additive manufacturing
Nanoindentation
Creep behaviour
Ti–6Al–4V
Anisotropy
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2238785424022762
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