Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes
ABSTRACT The unambiguous application of fungal names is important to communicate scientific findings. Names are critical for (clinical) diagnostics, legal compliance, and regulatory controls, such as biosafety, food security, quarantine regulations, and industrial applications. Consequently, the sta...
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2021-07-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00067-x |
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| author | Andrey Yurkov Artur Alves Feng-Yan Bai Kyria Boundy-Mills Pietro Buzzini Neža Čadež Gianluigi Cardinali Serge Casaregola Vishnu Chaturvedi Valérie Collin Jack W. Fell Victoria Girard Marizeth Groenewald Ferry Hagen Chris Todd Hittinger Aleksey V. Kachalkin Markus Kostrzewa Vassili Kouvelis Diego Libkind Xinzhan Liu Thomas Maier Wieland Meyer Gábor Péter Marcin Piątek Vincent Robert Carlos A. Rosa Jose Paulo Sampaio Matthias Sipiczki Marc Stadler Takashi Sugita Junta Sugiyama Hiroshi Takagi Masako Takashima Benedetta Turchetti Qi-Ming Wang Teun Boekhout |
| author_facet | Andrey Yurkov Artur Alves Feng-Yan Bai Kyria Boundy-Mills Pietro Buzzini Neža Čadež Gianluigi Cardinali Serge Casaregola Vishnu Chaturvedi Valérie Collin Jack W. Fell Victoria Girard Marizeth Groenewald Ferry Hagen Chris Todd Hittinger Aleksey V. Kachalkin Markus Kostrzewa Vassili Kouvelis Diego Libkind Xinzhan Liu Thomas Maier Wieland Meyer Gábor Péter Marcin Piątek Vincent Robert Carlos A. Rosa Jose Paulo Sampaio Matthias Sipiczki Marc Stadler Takashi Sugita Junta Sugiyama Hiroshi Takagi Masako Takashima Benedetta Turchetti Qi-Ming Wang Teun Boekhout |
| author_sort | Andrey Yurkov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT The unambiguous application of fungal names is important to communicate scientific findings. Names are critical for (clinical) diagnostics, legal compliance, and regulatory controls, such as biosafety, food security, quarantine regulations, and industrial applications. Consequently, the stability of the taxonomic system and the traceability of nomenclatural changes is crucial for a broad range of users and taxonomists. The unambiguous application of names is assured by the preservation of nomenclatural history and the physical organisms representing a name. Fungi are extremely diverse in terms of ecology, lifestyle, and methods of study. Predominantly unicellular fungi known as yeasts are usually investigated as living cultures. Methods to characterize yeasts include physiological (growth) tests and experiments to induce a sexual morph; both methods require viable cultures. Thus, the preservation and availability of viable reference cultures are important, and cultures representing reference material are cited in species descriptions. Historical surveys revealed drawbacks and inconsistencies between past practices and modern requirements as stated in the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICNafp). Improper typification of yeasts is a common problem, resulting in a large number invalid yeast species names. With this opinion letter, we address the problem that culturable microorganisms, notably some fungi and algae, require specific provisions under the ICNafp. We use yeasts as a prominent example of fungi known from cultures. But viable type material is important not only for yeasts, but also for other cultivable Fungi that are characterized by particular morphological structures (a specific type of spores), growth properties, and secondary metabolites. We summarize potential proposals which, in our opinion, will improve the stability of fungal names, in particular by protecting those names for which the reference material can be traced back to the original isolate. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-94a96af07ae44d9e8c3e4a842b963d8f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2210-6359 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | IMA Fungus |
| spelling | doaj-art-94a96af07ae44d9e8c3e4a842b963d8f2025-02-02T13:02:52ZengBMCIMA Fungus2210-63592021-07-0112112010.1186/s43008-021-00067-xNomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changesAndrey Yurkov0Artur Alves1Feng-Yan Bai2Kyria Boundy-Mills3Pietro Buzzini4Neža Čadež5Gianluigi Cardinali6Serge Casaregola7Vishnu Chaturvedi8Valérie Collin9Jack W. Fell10Victoria Girard11Marizeth Groenewald12Ferry Hagen13Chris Todd Hittinger14Aleksey V. Kachalkin15Markus Kostrzewa16Vassili Kouvelis17Diego Libkind18Xinzhan Liu19Thomas Maier20Wieland Meyer21Gábor Péter22Marcin Piątek23Vincent Robert24Carlos A. Rosa25Jose Paulo Sampaio26Matthias Sipiczki27Marc Stadler28Takashi Sugita29Junta Sugiyama30Hiroshi Takagi31Masako Takashima32Benedetta Turchetti33Qi-Ming Wang34Teun Boekhout35Leibniz Institute DSMZ-German Collection of Microorganisms and Cell CulturesDepartamento de Biologia, CESAM - Centro de Estudos do Ambiente e do Mar, Universidade de AveiroState Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Phaff Yeast Culture Collection, University of CaliforniaDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of PerugiaDepartment of Food Science and Technology, Biotechnical Faculty, University of LjubljanaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of PerugiaMicalis Institute, INRA, AgroParisTech, CIRM-Levures, Université Paris-SaclayMycology Laboratory, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of HealthBioMérieux, R&D MicrobiologieEmeritus Professor, Marine Biology and Ecology, Rosenstiel School of Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of MiamiBioMérieux, R&D MicrobiologieWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteLaboratory of Genetics, Wisconsin Energy Institute, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, Center for Genomic Science Innovation, J. F. Crow Institute for the Study of Evolution, University of Wisconsin-MadisonFaculty of Soil Science, Lomonosov Moscow State UniversityBruker Daltonik GmbHDepartment of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology, National and Kapodistrian University of AthensCentro de Referencia en Levaduras y Tecnología Cervecera (CRELTEC), Instituto Andino Patagónico de Tecnologías Biológicas y Geoambientales (IPATEC) CONICET - Universidad Nacional del ComahueState Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesBruker Daltonik GmbHMolecular Mycology Research Laboratory, Center for Infectious Diseases and Microbiology, Westmead Clinical School, Sydney Medical School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of SydneyNational Collection of Agricultural and Industrial Microorganisms, Institute of Food Science and Technology, Hungarian University of Agriculture and Life SciencesDepartment of Mycology, W. Szafer Institute of Botany of the Polish Academy of SciencesWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteDepartamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas GeraisUCIBIO, Departamento de Ciências da Vida, Faculdade de Ciências e Tecnologia, Universidade Nova de LisboaDepartment of Genetics and Applied Microbiology, University of DebrecenDepartment Microbial Drugs, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, and German Centre for Infection Research (DZIF)Department of Microbiology, Meiji Pharmaceutical UniversityDepartment of Botany, National Museum of Nature and ScienceDivision of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and TechnologyLaboratory of Yeast Systematics, Research Institute for Agricultural and Life Sciences, Tokyo University of AgricultureDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Environmental Sciences & Industrial Yeasts Collection DBVPG, University of PerugiaState Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of SciencesWesterdijk Fungal Biodiversity InstituteABSTRACT The unambiguous application of fungal names is important to communicate scientific findings. Names are critical for (clinical) diagnostics, legal compliance, and regulatory controls, such as biosafety, food security, quarantine regulations, and industrial applications. Consequently, the stability of the taxonomic system and the traceability of nomenclatural changes is crucial for a broad range of users and taxonomists. The unambiguous application of names is assured by the preservation of nomenclatural history and the physical organisms representing a name. Fungi are extremely diverse in terms of ecology, lifestyle, and methods of study. Predominantly unicellular fungi known as yeasts are usually investigated as living cultures. Methods to characterize yeasts include physiological (growth) tests and experiments to induce a sexual morph; both methods require viable cultures. Thus, the preservation and availability of viable reference cultures are important, and cultures representing reference material are cited in species descriptions. Historical surveys revealed drawbacks and inconsistencies between past practices and modern requirements as stated in the International Code of Nomenclature for Algae, Fungi, and Plants (ICNafp). Improper typification of yeasts is a common problem, resulting in a large number invalid yeast species names. With this opinion letter, we address the problem that culturable microorganisms, notably some fungi and algae, require specific provisions under the ICNafp. We use yeasts as a prominent example of fungi known from cultures. But viable type material is important not only for yeasts, but also for other cultivable Fungi that are characterized by particular morphological structures (a specific type of spores), growth properties, and secondary metabolites. We summarize potential proposals which, in our opinion, will improve the stability of fungal names, in particular by protecting those names for which the reference material can be traced back to the original isolate.https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00067-xTypificationNomenclatural typeCulture collectionMetabolically inactiveViable strains |
| spellingShingle | Andrey Yurkov Artur Alves Feng-Yan Bai Kyria Boundy-Mills Pietro Buzzini Neža Čadež Gianluigi Cardinali Serge Casaregola Vishnu Chaturvedi Valérie Collin Jack W. Fell Victoria Girard Marizeth Groenewald Ferry Hagen Chris Todd Hittinger Aleksey V. Kachalkin Markus Kostrzewa Vassili Kouvelis Diego Libkind Xinzhan Liu Thomas Maier Wieland Meyer Gábor Péter Marcin Piątek Vincent Robert Carlos A. Rosa Jose Paulo Sampaio Matthias Sipiczki Marc Stadler Takashi Sugita Junta Sugiyama Hiroshi Takagi Masako Takashima Benedetta Turchetti Qi-Ming Wang Teun Boekhout Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes IMA Fungus Typification Nomenclatural type Culture collection Metabolically inactive Viable strains |
| title | Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes |
| title_full | Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes |
| title_fullStr | Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes |
| title_short | Nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi: why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes |
| title_sort | nomenclatural issues concerning cultured yeasts and other fungi why it is important to avoid unneeded name changes |
| topic | Typification Nomenclatural type Culture collection Metabolically inactive Viable strains |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s43008-021-00067-x |
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