Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes
The circular economy encourages the production and consumption of sustainable embankment geomaterials and their blends utilizing recycled waste materials in roads, railway tracks, airfields, and underground structures. Geomaterials comprising high-plastic soft expansive clay pose excessive settlemen...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Advances in Civil Engineering |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2753641 |
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| author | Mehmood Munawar Ammad H. Khan Zia U. Rehman Abdur Rahim Mubashir Aziz Sultan Almuaythir Bothaina S. I. A. El Kheir Farhan Haider |
| author_facet | Mehmood Munawar Ammad H. Khan Zia U. Rehman Abdur Rahim Mubashir Aziz Sultan Almuaythir Bothaina S. I. A. El Kheir Farhan Haider |
| author_sort | Mehmood Munawar |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The circular economy encourages the production and consumption of sustainable embankment geomaterials and their blends utilizing recycled waste materials in roads, railway tracks, airfields, and underground structures. Geomaterials comprising high-plastic soft expansive clay pose excessive settlement during cyclic traffic/railway/airfield loading resulting in uneven geometry of overlying layers. This paper demonstrates multiobjective optimized improvement of expansive clay (C) geotechnical characteristics by cost-effective agro-wastes additives at microlevel (by 3% to 12% rice husk ash, i.e., RHA), nanolevel (by 0.6% to 1.5% rice husk derived green nano-SiO2, i.e., NS), and synergistic micro to nanolevel (NS-RHA). The swell potential, resilient modulus (MR), initial elastic modulus (Es), unconfined compressive strength (UCT), and California bearing ratio (CBR) of C and its blends were determined. The chemical characterization of C and its blends were conducted through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopic tests. The outcome of this study depicted that the cost ratio for the optimized composite, i.e., (1.2% NS-9% RHA)/(9% RHA) is 1.22 whereas stiffness ratio MR (NS-RHA)/MR(RHA) and Es (NS-RHA)/Es(RHA) and strength ratio UCT(NS-RHA)/UCT(RHA) and CBR(NS-RHA)/CBR(RHA) were found to be 2.0, 1.64, 2.17, and 2.82, respectively. FTIR revealed the chemical compatibility between C, RHA, & NS from durability perspective. Cost-stiffness results of this study can be applied by geotechnical experts to economize the green stabilization of C by use of agro-waste for sustainable development. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-94a050b0616945a5b7a7571d274fae27 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-8094 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Advances in Civil Engineering |
| spelling | doaj-art-94a050b0616945a5b7a7571d274fae272025-02-03T01:30:44ZengWileyAdvances in Civil Engineering1687-80942023-01-01202310.1155/2023/2753641Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-WastesMehmood Munawar0Ammad H. Khan1Zia U. Rehman2Abdur Rahim3Mubashir Aziz4Sultan Almuaythir5Bothaina S. I. A. El Kheir6Farhan Haider7Department of Transportation Engineering and ManagementDepartment of Transportation Engineering and ManagementDepartment of Transportation Engineering and ManagementDepartment of Transportation Engineering and ManagementDepartment of Civil and Environmental EngineeringDepartment of Civil EngineeringDepartment of Architectural EngineeringOnstructive Pvt. LimitedThe circular economy encourages the production and consumption of sustainable embankment geomaterials and their blends utilizing recycled waste materials in roads, railway tracks, airfields, and underground structures. Geomaterials comprising high-plastic soft expansive clay pose excessive settlement during cyclic traffic/railway/airfield loading resulting in uneven geometry of overlying layers. This paper demonstrates multiobjective optimized improvement of expansive clay (C) geotechnical characteristics by cost-effective agro-wastes additives at microlevel (by 3% to 12% rice husk ash, i.e., RHA), nanolevel (by 0.6% to 1.5% rice husk derived green nano-SiO2, i.e., NS), and synergistic micro to nanolevel (NS-RHA). The swell potential, resilient modulus (MR), initial elastic modulus (Es), unconfined compressive strength (UCT), and California bearing ratio (CBR) of C and its blends were determined. The chemical characterization of C and its blends were conducted through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and optical microscopic tests. The outcome of this study depicted that the cost ratio for the optimized composite, i.e., (1.2% NS-9% RHA)/(9% RHA) is 1.22 whereas stiffness ratio MR (NS-RHA)/MR(RHA) and Es (NS-RHA)/Es(RHA) and strength ratio UCT(NS-RHA)/UCT(RHA) and CBR(NS-RHA)/CBR(RHA) were found to be 2.0, 1.64, 2.17, and 2.82, respectively. FTIR revealed the chemical compatibility between C, RHA, & NS from durability perspective. Cost-stiffness results of this study can be applied by geotechnical experts to economize the green stabilization of C by use of agro-waste for sustainable development.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2753641 |
| spellingShingle | Mehmood Munawar Ammad H. Khan Zia U. Rehman Abdur Rahim Mubashir Aziz Sultan Almuaythir Bothaina S. I. A. El Kheir Farhan Haider Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes Advances in Civil Engineering |
| title | Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes |
| title_full | Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes |
| title_fullStr | Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes |
| title_short | Micro to Nanolevel Stabilization of Expansive Clay Using Agro-Wastes |
| title_sort | micro to nanolevel stabilization of expansive clay using agro wastes |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2023/2753641 |
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