HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis is an acute infectious disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS), usually affecting the limbic structures, the median temporal cortex, and the orbitofrontal regions. Its annual incidence has significantly increased over the last 20 years and the mortality ra...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2017-01-01
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| Series: | Case Reports in Medicine |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5320839 |
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| author | Dimitrios Patoulias Georgios Gavriiloglou Konstantinos Kontotasios Mairi Tzakri Petros Keryttopoulos Christos Koutras |
| author_facet | Dimitrios Patoulias Georgios Gavriiloglou Konstantinos Kontotasios Mairi Tzakri Petros Keryttopoulos Christos Koutras |
| author_sort | Dimitrios Patoulias |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis is an acute infectious disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS), usually affecting the limbic structures, the median temporal cortex, and the orbitofrontal regions. Its annual incidence has significantly increased over the last 20 years and the mortality rate is 7%, if early diagnosed and treated, and 70%, if left untreated, while it is associated with high rates of morbidity. It should be noted that even when Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis seems normal, imaging studies are not specific and HSV Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test is negative; the clinician should be more aggressive, if clinical presentation is indicative for HSV encephalitis, by administrating acyclovir early after patient’s admission. The latter may be a vital intervention for the patient, modifying the patient’s clinical course. Through the presentation of two cases of HSV-1 encephalitis that we managed in our department over the last 1 year and after systematic and comprehensive research of the relevant literature, we aim at showing the crucial role of medical history and physical examination, along with the high index of clinical suspicion, in order to make promptly the diagnosis and administer timely intravenous acyclovir, limiting the possibility of complications during the disease’s course. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-940666f717c248a7a92db80970fe7a8d |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1687-9627 1687-9635 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2017-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Case Reports in Medicine |
| spelling | doaj-art-940666f717c248a7a92db80970fe7a8d2025-02-03T01:06:34ZengWileyCase Reports in Medicine1687-96271687-96352017-01-01201710.1155/2017/53208395320839HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the LiteratureDimitrios Patoulias0Georgios Gavriiloglou1Konstantinos Kontotasios2Mairi Tzakri3Petros Keryttopoulos4Christos Koutras5Department of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Veria, Veria, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Veria, Veria, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Veria, Veria, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Veria, Veria, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Veria, Veria, GreeceDepartment of Internal Medicine, General Hospital of Veria, Veria, GreeceHerpes Simplex Virus (HSV) encephalitis is an acute infectious disease of the Central Nervous System (CNS), usually affecting the limbic structures, the median temporal cortex, and the orbitofrontal regions. Its annual incidence has significantly increased over the last 20 years and the mortality rate is 7%, if early diagnosed and treated, and 70%, if left untreated, while it is associated with high rates of morbidity. It should be noted that even when Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) analysis seems normal, imaging studies are not specific and HSV Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) test is negative; the clinician should be more aggressive, if clinical presentation is indicative for HSV encephalitis, by administrating acyclovir early after patient’s admission. The latter may be a vital intervention for the patient, modifying the patient’s clinical course. Through the presentation of two cases of HSV-1 encephalitis that we managed in our department over the last 1 year and after systematic and comprehensive research of the relevant literature, we aim at showing the crucial role of medical history and physical examination, along with the high index of clinical suspicion, in order to make promptly the diagnosis and administer timely intravenous acyclovir, limiting the possibility of complications during the disease’s course.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5320839 |
| spellingShingle | Dimitrios Patoulias Georgios Gavriiloglou Konstantinos Kontotasios Mairi Tzakri Petros Keryttopoulos Christos Koutras HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature Case Reports in Medicine |
| title | HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature |
| title_full | HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature |
| title_fullStr | HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature |
| title_full_unstemmed | HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature |
| title_short | HSV-1 Encephalitis: High Index of Clinical Suspicion, Prompt Diagnosis, and Early Therapeutic Intervention Are the Triptych of Success—Report of Two Cases and Comprehensive Review of the Literature |
| title_sort | hsv 1 encephalitis high index of clinical suspicion prompt diagnosis and early therapeutic intervention are the triptych of success report of two cases and comprehensive review of the literature |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/5320839 |
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