A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia

Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer resulting from leukemia stem cells (LSCs) supplanting normal stem cells. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are important for LSCs but have not been studied in the development of AML. In this study, transcriptome data of PDGFs we...

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Main Authors: Lulu Yang, Shuangshuang Ren, Lijiang Lou, Jiasu He, Qianlei Huang, Xiaojin Wu, Ranran Zhao
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Nature Portfolio 2025-04-01
Series:Scientific Reports
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Online Access:https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99038-0
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author Lulu Yang
Shuangshuang Ren
Lijiang Lou
Jiasu He
Qianlei Huang
Xiaojin Wu
Ranran Zhao
author_facet Lulu Yang
Shuangshuang Ren
Lijiang Lou
Jiasu He
Qianlei Huang
Xiaojin Wu
Ranran Zhao
author_sort Lulu Yang
collection DOAJ
description Abstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer resulting from leukemia stem cells (LSCs) supplanting normal stem cells. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are important for LSCs but have not been studied in the development of AML. In this study, transcriptome data of PDGFs were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GTEx databases, and relevant differential expression and prognosis analysis were performed using R software packages and online tools (UCSC-Xena Shiny tools, GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases, etc.). Then, we focused on PDGFD expression in AML, along with its clinical and diagnostic importance, drug resistance studies, and association with immunotherapy. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to verify the expression and clinical characteristics of PDGFD. Analyses of public data and clinical samples revealed that PDGFD expression was upregulated compared with other PDGF genes, and only this upregulation was associated with poor prognosis in AML. High expression of PDGFD showed a significant positive correlation with intermediate-high cytogenetic risk, NPM1 mutation, FLT3-ITD mutation, and unfavorable prognosis. ROC curve analysis indicated that PDGFD holds substantial diagnostic potential for AML patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the role of PDGFD in calcium and Rap1 signaling pathways. Additionally, PDGFD expression exhibited a significant positive correlation with natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Furthermore, we propose that MiR-203-3p targeting PDGFD has potential anti-leukemic effects in AML. In conclusion, PDGFD serves as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a target for cellular immunotherapy in AML.
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spelling doaj-art-93f2138db593447aa3b9ea6aca5e94de2025-08-20T03:52:23ZengNature PortfolioScientific Reports2045-23222025-04-0115111710.1038/s41598-025-99038-0A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemiaLulu Yang0Shuangshuang Ren1Lijiang Lou2Jiasu He3Qianlei Huang4Xiaojin Wu5Ranran Zhao6Department of Hematology, Ninghai First HospitalDepartment of Ultrasound, Dongyang People’s HospitalDepartment of Hematology, Ninghai First HospitalDepartment of Anesthesiology, Ninghai First HospitalDepartment of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Hainan Medical CollegeDepartment of Hematology, National Clinical Research Center for Hematologic Diseases, Jiangsu Institute of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow UniversityDepartment of Hematology, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Xuzhou Medical UniversityAbstract Acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is a malignant blood cancer resulting from leukemia stem cells (LSCs) supplanting normal stem cells. Platelet-derived growth factors (PDGFs) are important for LSCs but have not been studied in the development of AML. In this study, transcriptome data of PDGFs were sourced from The Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and GTEx databases, and relevant differential expression and prognosis analysis were performed using R software packages and online tools (UCSC-Xena Shiny tools, GEPIA2, Kaplan-Meier Plotter databases, etc.). Then, we focused on PDGFD expression in AML, along with its clinical and diagnostic importance, drug resistance studies, and association with immunotherapy. The real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was performed to verify the expression and clinical characteristics of PDGFD. Analyses of public data and clinical samples revealed that PDGFD expression was upregulated compared with other PDGF genes, and only this upregulation was associated with poor prognosis in AML. High expression of PDGFD showed a significant positive correlation with intermediate-high cytogenetic risk, NPM1 mutation, FLT3-ITD mutation, and unfavorable prognosis. ROC curve analysis indicated that PDGFD holds substantial diagnostic potential for AML patients. Functional enrichment analysis revealed the role of PDGFD in calcium and Rap1 signaling pathways. Additionally, PDGFD expression exhibited a significant positive correlation with natural killer cells and dendritic cells. Furthermore, we propose that MiR-203-3p targeting PDGFD has potential anti-leukemic effects in AML. In conclusion, PDGFD serves as a possible diagnostic and prognostic biomarker, as well as a target for cellular immunotherapy in AML.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99038-0Acute myeloid leukemiaPDGF familyNPM1 mutationNatural killer cellPrognosis
spellingShingle Lulu Yang
Shuangshuang Ren
Lijiang Lou
Jiasu He
Qianlei Huang
Xiaojin Wu
Ranran Zhao
A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia
Scientific Reports
Acute myeloid leukemia
PDGF family
NPM1 mutation
Natural killer cell
Prognosis
title A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia
title_full A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia
title_fullStr A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia
title_full_unstemmed A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia
title_short A bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of PDGFD as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia
title_sort bioinformatics analysis and experimental validation of pdgfd as a promising diagnostic biomarker for acute myeloid leukemia
topic Acute myeloid leukemia
PDGF family
NPM1 mutation
Natural killer cell
Prognosis
url https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-025-99038-0
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