The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networks

The striatum is divided into two interdigitated tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These compartments exhibit distinct anatomical, neurochemical, and pharmacological characteristics and have separable roles in motor and mood functions. Little is known about the functions of these compart...

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Main Authors: Alishba Sadiq, Adrian T. Funk, Jeff L. Waugh
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Frontiers Media S.A. 2025-05-01
Series:Frontiers in Neural Circuits
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Online Access:https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2025.1514937/full
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author Alishba Sadiq
Adrian T. Funk
Jeff L. Waugh
author_facet Alishba Sadiq
Adrian T. Funk
Jeff L. Waugh
author_sort Alishba Sadiq
collection DOAJ
description The striatum is divided into two interdigitated tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These compartments exhibit distinct anatomical, neurochemical, and pharmacological characteristics and have separable roles in motor and mood functions. Little is known about the functions of these compartments in humans. While compartment-specific roles in neuropsychiatric diseases have been hypothesized, they have yet to be directly tested. Investigating compartment-specific functions is crucial for understanding the symptoms produced by striatal injury, and to elucidating the roles of each compartment in healthy human skills and behaviors. We mapped the functional networks of striosome-like and matrix-like voxels in humans in-vivo. We utilized a diverse cohort of 674 healthy adults, derived from the Human Connectome Project, including all subjects with complete diffusion and functional MRI data and excluding subjects with substance use disorders. We identified striatal voxels with striosome-like and matrix-like structural connectivity using probabilistic diffusion tractography. We then investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using these compartment-like voxels as seeds. We found widespread differences in rsFC between striosome-like and matrix-like seeds (p < 0.05, family wise error corrected for multiple comparisons), suggesting that striosome and matrix occupy distinct functional networks. Slightly shifting seed voxel locations (<4 mm) eliminated these rsFC differences, underscoring the anatomic precision of these networks. Striosome-seeded networks exhibited ipsilateral dominance; matrix-seeded networks had contralateral dominance. Next, we assessed compartment-specific engagement with the triple-network model (default mode, salience, and frontoparietal networks). Striosome-like voxels dominated rsFC with the default mode network bilaterally. The anterior insula (a primary node in the salience network) had higher rsFC with striosome-like voxels. The inferior and middle frontal cortices (primary nodes, frontoparietal network) had stronger rsFC with matrix-like voxels on the left, and striosome-like voxels on the right. Since striosome-like and matrix-like voxels occupy highly segregated rsFC networks, striosome-selective injury may produce different motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms than matrix-selective injury. Moreover, compartment-specific rsFC abnormalities may be identifiable before disease-related structural injuries are evident. Localizing rsFC differences provides an anatomic substrate for understanding how the tissue-level organization of the striatum underpins complex brain networks, and how compartment-specific injury may contribute to the symptoms of specific neuropsychiatric disorders.
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spelling doaj-art-93b39b39a200457080ca03d7a03d0d1d2025-08-20T02:31:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Neural Circuits1662-51102025-05-011910.3389/fncir.2025.15149371514937The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networksAlishba SadiqAdrian T. FunkJeff L. WaughThe striatum is divided into two interdigitated tissue compartments, the striosome and matrix. These compartments exhibit distinct anatomical, neurochemical, and pharmacological characteristics and have separable roles in motor and mood functions. Little is known about the functions of these compartments in humans. While compartment-specific roles in neuropsychiatric diseases have been hypothesized, they have yet to be directly tested. Investigating compartment-specific functions is crucial for understanding the symptoms produced by striatal injury, and to elucidating the roles of each compartment in healthy human skills and behaviors. We mapped the functional networks of striosome-like and matrix-like voxels in humans in-vivo. We utilized a diverse cohort of 674 healthy adults, derived from the Human Connectome Project, including all subjects with complete diffusion and functional MRI data and excluding subjects with substance use disorders. We identified striatal voxels with striosome-like and matrix-like structural connectivity using probabilistic diffusion tractography. We then investigated resting-state functional connectivity (rsFC) using these compartment-like voxels as seeds. We found widespread differences in rsFC between striosome-like and matrix-like seeds (p < 0.05, family wise error corrected for multiple comparisons), suggesting that striosome and matrix occupy distinct functional networks. Slightly shifting seed voxel locations (<4 mm) eliminated these rsFC differences, underscoring the anatomic precision of these networks. Striosome-seeded networks exhibited ipsilateral dominance; matrix-seeded networks had contralateral dominance. Next, we assessed compartment-specific engagement with the triple-network model (default mode, salience, and frontoparietal networks). Striosome-like voxels dominated rsFC with the default mode network bilaterally. The anterior insula (a primary node in the salience network) had higher rsFC with striosome-like voxels. The inferior and middle frontal cortices (primary nodes, frontoparietal network) had stronger rsFC with matrix-like voxels on the left, and striosome-like voxels on the right. Since striosome-like and matrix-like voxels occupy highly segregated rsFC networks, striosome-selective injury may produce different motor, cognitive, and behavioral symptoms than matrix-selective injury. Moreover, compartment-specific rsFC abnormalities may be identifiable before disease-related structural injuries are evident. Localizing rsFC differences provides an anatomic substrate for understanding how the tissue-level organization of the striatum underpins complex brain networks, and how compartment-specific injury may contribute to the symptoms of specific neuropsychiatric disorders.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2025.1514937/fullcompartmentdiffusion tractographyfunctional connectivityfunctional MRImatrixstriatum
spellingShingle Alishba Sadiq
Adrian T. Funk
Jeff L. Waugh
The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networks
Frontiers in Neural Circuits
compartment
diffusion tractography
functional connectivity
functional MRI
matrix
striatum
title The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networks
title_full The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networks
title_fullStr The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networks
title_full_unstemmed The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networks
title_short The striatal compartments, striosome and matrix, are embedded in largely distinct resting-state functional networks
title_sort striatal compartments striosome and matrix are embedded in largely distinct resting state functional networks
topic compartment
diffusion tractography
functional connectivity
functional MRI
matrix
striatum
url https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fncir.2025.1514937/full
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