Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in context
Summary: Background: Myopia rates have risen in the past decades in China. New strategies for the prevention and control of myopia are now available, and understanding the prevalence and future trends in myopia and high myopia in children and adolescents in China may provide insights into the impac...
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| Format: | Article |
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Elsevier
2025-02-01
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| Series: | The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606525000215 |
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| author | Wei Pan Seang-Mei Saw Tien Yin Wong Ian Morgan Zhikuan Yang Weizhong Lan |
| author_facet | Wei Pan Seang-Mei Saw Tien Yin Wong Ian Morgan Zhikuan Yang Weizhong Lan |
| author_sort | Wei Pan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Summary: Background: Myopia rates have risen in the past decades in China. New strategies for the prevention and control of myopia are now available, and understanding the prevalence and future trends in myopia and high myopia in children and adolescents in China may provide insights into the impact of implementing these measures. The study aims to provide updated data on the prevalence of myopia and high myopia in children and to project temporal trends in prevalence from 2020 to 2050 in China. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis searching several databases in both English and Chinese: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ) with date limits from 01/01/2010 to 11/23/2024 was conducted. We included population-based or school-based studies in China that determined the myopia prevalence, based on the cycloplegic refraction, in children under 20. Studies with a response rate <70% or sample size <200 were excluded. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was used, and projections were made based on three scenarios: experience-based, maximum growth (maximum near-work, minimal outdoor time), and minimum growth (2 h outdoor time daily). Findings: From 6555 reports, 82 studies with 218,794 participants were included. The overall myopia prevalence was 36.6% (95% CI: 36.4%, 36.8%), with rates of 2.6% in ages 0–4, 22.0% in ages 5–9, 45.4% in ages 10–14, and 67.2% in ages 15–19. High myopia prevalence was 5.3% overall, with rates of 0.1% in ages 0–4, 1.1% in ages 5–9, 3.0% in ages 10–14, and 9.5% in ages 15–19. Projections for 2030 under minimum growth, experience-based, and maximum growth scenarios were 26.8%, 46.2%, 56.0%; 2040 were 19.6%, 54.4%, 65.6%; and 2050 were 14.4%, 61.3%, 71.9%, respectively. Interpretation: China is facing a substantial and potentially worsening epidemic of childhood myopia. This information will provide data for guiding implementation and evaluating the effectiveness of existing and new nationwide myopia prevention and control programs. Funding: The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (2023RC1079, 2024RC5002). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-936e412d59eb4e62916af1abfea27282 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2666-6065 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific |
| spelling | doaj-art-936e412d59eb4e62916af1abfea272822025-01-29T05:02:14ZengElsevierThe Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific2666-60652025-02-0155101484Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in contextWei Pan0Seang-Mei Saw1Tien Yin Wong2Ian Morgan3Zhikuan Yang4Weizhong Lan5Aier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, ChinaSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Duke-NUS Medical School, National University of Singapore, Singapore; Saw Swee Hock School of Public Health, National University of Singapore, SingaporeSingapore Eye Research Institute, Singapore National Eye Centre, Singapore; Tsinghua Medicine, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China; School of Clinical Medicine, Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital, Beijing, ChinaResearch School of Biology, College of Medicine, Biology and Environment, Australian National University, Canberra, Australia; State Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Ophthalmic Centre, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology and Vision Science, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Ocular Diseases, Guangzhou, ChinaAier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China; Aier School of Optometry and Vision Science, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, ChinaAier Academy of Ophthalmology, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China; Changsha Aier Eye Hospital, Changsha, China; Aier School of Optometry and Vision Science, Hubei University of Science and Technology, Xianning, China; Corresponding author. AIER Mansion, No.188 South Furong Road, Changsha, 410000, Hunan province. China.Summary: Background: Myopia rates have risen in the past decades in China. New strategies for the prevention and control of myopia are now available, and understanding the prevalence and future trends in myopia and high myopia in children and adolescents in China may provide insights into the impact of implementing these measures. The study aims to provide updated data on the prevalence of myopia and high myopia in children and to project temporal trends in prevalence from 2020 to 2050 in China. Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis searching several databases in both English and Chinese: PubMed, Web of Science, Science Direct, China National Knowledge Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang, China Science and Technology Journal Database (CSTJ) with date limits from 01/01/2010 to 11/23/2024 was conducted. We included population-based or school-based studies in China that determined the myopia prevalence, based on the cycloplegic refraction, in children under 20. Studies with a response rate <70% or sample size <200 were excluded. A fixed-effect meta-analysis was used, and projections were made based on three scenarios: experience-based, maximum growth (maximum near-work, minimal outdoor time), and minimum growth (2 h outdoor time daily). Findings: From 6555 reports, 82 studies with 218,794 participants were included. The overall myopia prevalence was 36.6% (95% CI: 36.4%, 36.8%), with rates of 2.6% in ages 0–4, 22.0% in ages 5–9, 45.4% in ages 10–14, and 67.2% in ages 15–19. High myopia prevalence was 5.3% overall, with rates of 0.1% in ages 0–4, 1.1% in ages 5–9, 3.0% in ages 10–14, and 9.5% in ages 15–19. Projections for 2030 under minimum growth, experience-based, and maximum growth scenarios were 26.8%, 46.2%, 56.0%; 2040 were 19.6%, 54.4%, 65.6%; and 2050 were 14.4%, 61.3%, 71.9%, respectively. Interpretation: China is facing a substantial and potentially worsening epidemic of childhood myopia. This information will provide data for guiding implementation and evaluating the effectiveness of existing and new nationwide myopia prevention and control programs. Funding: The Science and Technology Innovation Program of Hunan Province, China (2023RC1079, 2024RC5002).http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606525000215MyopiaChildhoodChinaTrendOutdoorNear work |
| spellingShingle | Wei Pan Seang-Mei Saw Tien Yin Wong Ian Morgan Zhikuan Yang Weizhong Lan Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in context The Lancet Regional Health. Western Pacific Myopia Childhood China Trend Outdoor Near work |
| title | Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in context |
| title_full | Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in context |
| title_fullStr | Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in context |
| title_full_unstemmed | Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in context |
| title_short | Prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in China: a systematic review and meta-analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050Research in context |
| title_sort | prevalence and temporal trends in myopia and high myopia children in china a systematic review and meta analysis with projections from 2020 to 2050research in context |
| topic | Myopia Childhood China Trend Outdoor Near work |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2666606525000215 |
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