Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking Density
A confinement stress test with 75% tank space reduction and behavioural monitoring through tri-axial accelerometers externally attached to the operculum was designed. This procedure was validated by demonstrating the less pronounced stress response in gilthead sea bream than in European sea bass (95...
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2024-10-01
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| author | Paul G. Holhorea Fernando Naya-Català Ricardo Domingo-Bretón Federico Moroni Álvaro Belenguer Josep À. Calduch-Giner Jaume Pérez-Sánchez |
| author_facet | Paul G. Holhorea Fernando Naya-Català Ricardo Domingo-Bretón Federico Moroni Álvaro Belenguer Josep À. Calduch-Giner Jaume Pérez-Sánchez |
| author_sort | Paul G. Holhorea |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A confinement stress test with 75% tank space reduction and behavioural monitoring through tri-axial accelerometers externally attached to the operculum was designed. This procedure was validated by demonstrating the less pronounced stress response in gilthead sea bream than in European sea bass (950–1200 g). Our study aimed to assess habituation to high stocking densities with such procedure in gilthead sea bream. Animals (420–450 g) were reared (June–August) in a flow-through system at two stocking densities (CTRL: 10–15 kg/m<sup>3</sup>; HD: 18–24 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), with natural photoperiod and temperature (21–29 °C), and oxygen levels at 5.2–4.2 (CTRL) and 4.2–3.2 ppm (HD). At the end, blood and muscle were sampled for haematology and transcriptomic analyses, and external tissue damage was assessed by image-based scoring. Four days later, fish underwent a 45 min confinement stress test over two consecutive days. HD fish showed reduced feed intake, growth rates and haematopoietic activity. Muscle transcriptome changes indicated a shift from systemic to local growth regulation and a primed muscle regeneration over protein accretion in HD animals with slight external injuries. After stress testing, HD fish exhibited a decreased recovery time in activity and respiration rates, which was shorter after a second stressor exposure, confirming habituation to high densities. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-93100fe80da94214a58c8400a34ec7be |
| institution | OA Journals |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2024-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj-art-93100fe80da94214a58c8400a34ec7be2025-08-20T01:53:40ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372024-10-01131187910.3390/biology13110879Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking DensityPaul G. Holhorea0Fernando Naya-Català1Ricardo Domingo-Bretón2Federico Moroni3Álvaro Belenguer4Josep À. Calduch-Giner5Jaume Pérez-Sánchez6Nutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, SpainNutrigenomics and Fish Growth Endocrinology Group, Institute of Aquaculture Torre de la Sal (IATS, CSIC), 12595 Castellón, SpainA confinement stress test with 75% tank space reduction and behavioural monitoring through tri-axial accelerometers externally attached to the operculum was designed. This procedure was validated by demonstrating the less pronounced stress response in gilthead sea bream than in European sea bass (950–1200 g). Our study aimed to assess habituation to high stocking densities with such procedure in gilthead sea bream. Animals (420–450 g) were reared (June–August) in a flow-through system at two stocking densities (CTRL: 10–15 kg/m<sup>3</sup>; HD: 18–24 kg/m<sup>3</sup>), with natural photoperiod and temperature (21–29 °C), and oxygen levels at 5.2–4.2 (CTRL) and 4.2–3.2 ppm (HD). At the end, blood and muscle were sampled for haematology and transcriptomic analyses, and external tissue damage was assessed by image-based scoring. Four days later, fish underwent a 45 min confinement stress test over two consecutive days. HD fish showed reduced feed intake, growth rates and haematopoietic activity. Muscle transcriptome changes indicated a shift from systemic to local growth regulation and a primed muscle regeneration over protein accretion in HD animals with slight external injuries. After stress testing, HD fish exhibited a decreased recovery time in activity and respiration rates, which was shorter after a second stressor exposure, confirming habituation to high densities.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/11/879gilthead sea breamEuropean sea bassstocking densityO<sub>2</sub> availabilityhabituationadaptation |
| spellingShingle | Paul G. Holhorea Fernando Naya-Català Ricardo Domingo-Bretón Federico Moroni Álvaro Belenguer Josep À. Calduch-Giner Jaume Pérez-Sánchez Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking Density Biology gilthead sea bream European sea bass stocking density O<sub>2</sub> availability habituation adaptation |
| title | Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking Density |
| title_full | Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking Density |
| title_fullStr | Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking Density |
| title_full_unstemmed | Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking Density |
| title_short | Behavioural Monitoring Underlines Habituation to Repeated Stressor Stimuli in Farmed Gilthead Sea Bream (<i>Sparus aurata</i>) Reared at a High Stocking Density |
| title_sort | behavioural monitoring underlines habituation to repeated stressor stimuli in farmed gilthead sea bream i sparus aurata i reared at a high stocking density |
| topic | gilthead sea bream European sea bass stocking density O<sub>2</sub> availability habituation adaptation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/13/11/879 |
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