Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties
Viticulture has migrated to organic management to reduce environmental impact. Grapes harvested in organic vineyards (ORGs) could have a better polyphenol profile than conventional vineyards (CONs). The objective was to evaluate the relationship between agricultural management, elemental soil profil...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Agriculture |
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| author | Fabio Macías-Gallardo Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz Raúl Miranda-Avilés Luis Felipe Ramírez-Santoyo Gabriela Ana Zanor César Ozuna |
| author_facet | Fabio Macías-Gallardo Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz Raúl Miranda-Avilés Luis Felipe Ramírez-Santoyo Gabriela Ana Zanor César Ozuna |
| author_sort | Fabio Macías-Gallardo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Viticulture has migrated to organic management to reduce environmental impact. Grapes harvested in organic vineyards (ORGs) could have a better polyphenol profile than conventional vineyards (CONs). The objective was to evaluate the relationship between agricultural management, elemental soil profile, and grape bioactive compounds (var. Syrah and Tempranillo). Soil components were determined from CON and ORG vineyards; they were correlated with bioactive compounds in grape skin and seed through principal component analysis (PCA). The ORG vineyard presented higher moisture (4.50–5.72%), clay (31.70–40.55%), organic matter (OM) (9.44–11.01%), P (108.72–122.16 mg/kg), N (0.27 mg/kg), and oxides (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, MnO, TiO<sub>2</sub>) in soil and phenolic compounds (myricetin, quercetin, resveratrol, ellagic acid, others) and antioxidant capacity in grape skin and seed. Regarding PCA (>74.20% of variance), the first component showed positive correlations (>0.60) between pH, moisture, clay, and soil oxides (MgO, K<sub>2</sub>O, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), which favored biosynthesis in grape skin and seed phenols (catechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and rutin). The second component showed positive correlations between OM, silt, soil oxides, antioxidant capacity, and phenols in grape skin and seed. Finally, the edaphic conditions of the ORG vineyard allowed for one to obtain optimal grapes for winemaking due to their higher phenol content. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2077-0472 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Agriculture |
| spelling | doaj-art-93007bedff1a4da788bd13a10975f5c72025-01-24T13:15:59ZengMDPI AGAgriculture2077-04722025-01-0115216910.3390/agriculture15020169Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive PropertiesFabio Macías-Gallardo0Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz1Raúl Miranda-Avilés2Luis Felipe Ramírez-Santoyo3Gabriela Ana Zanor4César Ozuna5Posgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato Silao km 9, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, MexicoUnidad de Tecnología Alimentaria, Secretaría de Ciencia, Humanidades, Tecnología e Innovación (SECIHTI), Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco (CIATEJ), Camino Arenero 1227, El Bajío, Zapopan 45019, Jalisco, MexicoDepartamento de Ingeniería en Minas, Metalurgia y Geología, División de Ingenierías, Campus Guanajuato, Universidad de Guanajuato, Ex Hacienda de San Matías S/N, Guanajuato 36020, Guanajuato, MexicoDepartamento de Agronomía, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato Silao km 9, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, MexicoPosgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato Silao km 9, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, MexicoPosgrado en Biociencias, División de Ciencias de la Vida, Campus Irapuato Salamanca, Universidad de Guanajuato, Carretera Irapuato Silao km 9, Irapuato 36500, Guanajuato, MexicoViticulture has migrated to organic management to reduce environmental impact. Grapes harvested in organic vineyards (ORGs) could have a better polyphenol profile than conventional vineyards (CONs). The objective was to evaluate the relationship between agricultural management, elemental soil profile, and grape bioactive compounds (var. Syrah and Tempranillo). Soil components were determined from CON and ORG vineyards; they were correlated with bioactive compounds in grape skin and seed through principal component analysis (PCA). The ORG vineyard presented higher moisture (4.50–5.72%), clay (31.70–40.55%), organic matter (OM) (9.44–11.01%), P (108.72–122.16 mg/kg), N (0.27 mg/kg), and oxides (Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>, SiO<sub>2</sub>, MnO, TiO<sub>2</sub>) in soil and phenolic compounds (myricetin, quercetin, resveratrol, ellagic acid, others) and antioxidant capacity in grape skin and seed. Regarding PCA (>74.20% of variance), the first component showed positive correlations (>0.60) between pH, moisture, clay, and soil oxides (MgO, K<sub>2</sub>O, Al<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>), which favored biosynthesis in grape skin and seed phenols (catechin, gallic acid, vanillic acid, and rutin). The second component showed positive correlations between OM, silt, soil oxides, antioxidant capacity, and phenols in grape skin and seed. Finally, the edaphic conditions of the ORG vineyard allowed for one to obtain optimal grapes for winemaking due to their higher phenol content.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/169viticulturesustainable practicesmineralsgrape seedgrape skinphenolic profile |
| spellingShingle | Fabio Macías-Gallardo Tannia Alexandra Quiñones-Muñoz Raúl Miranda-Avilés Luis Felipe Ramírez-Santoyo Gabriela Ana Zanor César Ozuna Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties Agriculture viticulture sustainable practices minerals grape seed grape skin phenolic profile |
| title | Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties |
| title_full | Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties |
| title_fullStr | Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties |
| title_full_unstemmed | Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties |
| title_short | Impact of Organic Agriculture on the Quality of Grapes (Syrah and Tempranillo) Harvested in Guanajuato, Mexico: Relationship Between Soil Elemental Profile and Grape Bioactive Properties |
| title_sort | impact of organic agriculture on the quality of grapes syrah and tempranillo harvested in guanajuato mexico relationship between soil elemental profile and grape bioactive properties |
| topic | viticulture sustainable practices minerals grape seed grape skin phenolic profile |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0472/15/2/169 |
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