The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers
Aim of the study: To determine the effect of diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning weight gain and subsequent reproductive performance of Holstein heifers in a hot environment. Study site: Hot-arid zone of northern Mexico (25 °N). Material and methods: This study enrolled 7,809 calves from a s...
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| Format: | Article |
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Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research |
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| Online Access: | https://sjar.revistas.csic.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/21154 |
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| author | Mely T. Olivera Jesús Mellado José E. García Juan A. Encina Perpetuo Álvarez Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño Miguel Mellado |
| author_facet | Mely T. Olivera Jesús Mellado José E. García Juan A. Encina Perpetuo Álvarez Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño Miguel Mellado |
| author_sort | Mely T. Olivera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Aim of the study: To determine the effect of diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning weight gain and subsequent reproductive performance of Holstein heifers in a hot environment.
Study site: Hot-arid zone of northern Mexico (25 °N).
Material and methods: This study enrolled 7,809 calves from a single large commercial dairy herd. Calves´ birth and weaning weights were recorded, and subsequent reproductive performance was registered.
Main results: The preweaning daily gain in calves suffering diarrhea (573 ± 12 g/d), pneumonia (557 ± 12 g/d), and comorbidity of these diseases (520 ± 13 g/d) were lower (p<0.05) than healthy calves (594 ± 11 g/d). Heifers without diarrhea and pneumonia during the preweaning period conceived 25 days earlier (p<0.05) than herdmates suffering diarrhea comorbid with pneumonia and required 0.4 less (p<0.05) inseminations per pregnancy. The pregnancy rate for healthy heifers during the preweaning period was higher (93.6%; p<0.05) than those of their herdmates who experienced diarrhea (89.2%), pneumonia (89.8%), or both diseases (87.2%). Calves weighing ≤ 36 kg at birth were more susceptible (p<0.05) to diarrhea (incidence 13.3%) than calves ≥ 40 kg (incidence 11.6%).
Research highlights: These results highlight the substantial negative influence of diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning weight gain and subsequent reproductive performance. Also, it was demonstrated that diarrhea is linked to low body weight at calving.
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| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-91ed7376ba034d3ab28f61df09548ef5 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1695-971X 2171-9292 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research |
| spelling | doaj-art-91ed7376ba034d3ab28f61df09548ef52025-01-31T10:29:46ZengConsejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research1695-971X2171-92922025-01-0122410.5424/sjar/2024224-21154The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifersMely T. Olivera0Jesús Mellado1José E. García2Juan A. Encina3Perpetuo Álvarez4Ulises Macías-Cruz5Leonel Avendaño6Miguel Mellado7Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, Mexico.Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, Mexico.Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, Mexico.Department of Renewable Natural Resources, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, Mexico.Department of Renewable Natural Resources, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, Mexico.Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, 21705, Mexico.Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Autonomous University of Baja California, Mexicali, 21705, Mexico.Department of Animal Nutrition, Autonomous Agrarian University Antonio Narro, 25315 Saltillo, Mexico. Aim of the study: To determine the effect of diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning weight gain and subsequent reproductive performance of Holstein heifers in a hot environment. Study site: Hot-arid zone of northern Mexico (25 °N). Material and methods: This study enrolled 7,809 calves from a single large commercial dairy herd. Calves´ birth and weaning weights were recorded, and subsequent reproductive performance was registered. Main results: The preweaning daily gain in calves suffering diarrhea (573 ± 12 g/d), pneumonia (557 ± 12 g/d), and comorbidity of these diseases (520 ± 13 g/d) were lower (p<0.05) than healthy calves (594 ± 11 g/d). Heifers without diarrhea and pneumonia during the preweaning period conceived 25 days earlier (p<0.05) than herdmates suffering diarrhea comorbid with pneumonia and required 0.4 less (p<0.05) inseminations per pregnancy. The pregnancy rate for healthy heifers during the preweaning period was higher (93.6%; p<0.05) than those of their herdmates who experienced diarrhea (89.2%), pneumonia (89.8%), or both diseases (87.2%). Calves weighing ≤ 36 kg at birth were more susceptible (p<0.05) to diarrhea (incidence 13.3%) than calves ≥ 40 kg (incidence 11.6%). Research highlights: These results highlight the substantial negative influence of diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning weight gain and subsequent reproductive performance. Also, it was demonstrated that diarrhea is linked to low body weight at calving. https://sjar.revistas.csic.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/21154age at first calving;dairy calfpregnancy rateweaning weightweight gain |
| spellingShingle | Mely T. Olivera Jesús Mellado José E. García Juan A. Encina Perpetuo Álvarez Ulises Macías-Cruz Leonel Avendaño Miguel Mellado The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers Spanish Journal of Agricultural Research age at first calving; dairy calf pregnancy rate weaning weight weight gain |
| title | The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers |
| title_full | The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers |
| title_fullStr | The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers |
| title_full_unstemmed | The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers |
| title_short | The influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of Holstein heifers |
| title_sort | influence of calfhood diarrhea and pneumonia on preweaning growth and reproductive performance of holstein heifers |
| topic | age at first calving; dairy calf pregnancy rate weaning weight weight gain |
| url | https://sjar.revistas.csic.es/index.php/sjar/article/view/21154 |
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