Documentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in China
Abstract Background Systematic documentation of morbidity with exposure assessment in a large group of lead (Pb)-exposed workers in China. Methods Using the cluster sampling method, Pb-exposed workers were recruited from a factory in the Henan Province, China. The morbidity information and blood lea...
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21436-w |
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| author | Qian Hua Pingyang Zhang Yong Yang Jingchao Ren Shouming Cui Yuxin Yang Loulou Cai Jia Ding Shouyuan Cui Mingyang Gao David C. Christiani William Au Yanchun Ma Zhongjun Du Guang-hui Zhang Zhao-lin Xia |
| author_facet | Qian Hua Pingyang Zhang Yong Yang Jingchao Ren Shouming Cui Yuxin Yang Loulou Cai Jia Ding Shouyuan Cui Mingyang Gao David C. Christiani William Au Yanchun Ma Zhongjun Du Guang-hui Zhang Zhao-lin Xia |
| author_sort | Qian Hua |
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| description | Abstract Background Systematic documentation of morbidity with exposure assessment in a large group of lead (Pb)-exposed workers in China. Methods Using the cluster sampling method, Pb-exposed workers were recruited from a factory in the Henan Province, China. The morbidity information and blood lead concentration (BLC) from each worker were collected. Relationships between the two sets of data were analyzed using the logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Results Among the 4538 recruited workers, there were 2780 males and 1758 females, with a median age of 34 years old, and BLC ranging from 7.70 to 722.70 μg/l. Among them, 1247 (27.4%) had multiple morbidities (comorbidity). Those with the highest BLC showed a 1.79-fold (significant) increase in comorbidities compared to those with the lowest BLC (95% confidence interval = 1.43, 2.25; p < 0.001). In addition, the comorbidities exhibited a BLC dose–response relationship (p < 0.001), after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The RCS curve analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between BLC and risk of comorbidity (p-overall < 0.001, and p-nonlinear < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the dose–response relationship between BLC and the risk of developing comorbidities. Additionally, the data indicate that female workers were more susceptible to comorbidities. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that comorbidity was prevalent and was dose-dependent among lead exposed workers. |
| format | Article |
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| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1471-2458 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Public Health |
| spelling | doaj-art-90ead0eeeef646279ab8ec0fac6fcaf32025-01-26T12:56:45ZengBMCBMC Public Health1471-24582025-01-0125111010.1186/s12889-025-21436-wDocumentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in ChinaQian Hua0Pingyang Zhang1Yong Yang2Jingchao Ren3Shouming Cui4Yuxin Yang5Loulou Cai6Jia Ding7Shouyuan Cui8Mingyang Gao9David C. Christiani10William Au11Yanchun Ma12Zhongjun Du13Guang-hui Zhang14Zhao-lin Xia15Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational MedicineDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical UniversityShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational MedicineSchool of Public Health, Chongqing Medical UniversityXinxiang Institute of Occupational Disease PreventionXinxiang Institute of Occupational Disease PreventionHenan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical UniversityHenan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical UniversityHenan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical UniversityHenan International Collaborative Laboratory for Health Effects and Intervention of Air Pollution, School of Public Health, Xinxiang Medical UniversityEnvironmental Medicine and Epidemiology Program, Department of Environmental Health, Harvard TH Chan School of Public HealthPharmacy, Science and Technology, University of MedicineThe 902, Hospital Logistic Support ForcesShandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Shandong Institute of Occupational Health and Occupational MedicineDepartment of Environmental Health, College of Preventive Medicine, Third Military Medical UniversitySchool of Public Health, Xinjiang Medical UniversityAbstract Background Systematic documentation of morbidity with exposure assessment in a large group of lead (Pb)-exposed workers in China. Methods Using the cluster sampling method, Pb-exposed workers were recruited from a factory in the Henan Province, China. The morbidity information and blood lead concentration (BLC) from each worker were collected. Relationships between the two sets of data were analyzed using the logistic regression and restricted cubic spline (RCS) models. Results Among the 4538 recruited workers, there were 2780 males and 1758 females, with a median age of 34 years old, and BLC ranging from 7.70 to 722.70 μg/l. Among them, 1247 (27.4%) had multiple morbidities (comorbidity). Those with the highest BLC showed a 1.79-fold (significant) increase in comorbidities compared to those with the lowest BLC (95% confidence interval = 1.43, 2.25; p < 0.001). In addition, the comorbidities exhibited a BLC dose–response relationship (p < 0.001), after adjusting for potential confounding factors. The RCS curve analysis revealed a nonlinear relationship between BLC and risk of comorbidity (p-overall < 0.001, and p-nonlinear < 0.001). Sensitivity analysis further confirmed the dose–response relationship between BLC and the risk of developing comorbidities. Additionally, the data indicate that female workers were more susceptible to comorbidities. Conclusion Our study demonstrates that comorbidity was prevalent and was dose-dependent among lead exposed workers.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21436-wOccupational exposure to leadMultiple morbiditiesComorbidityMetal toxicityEnvironmental epidemiology |
| spellingShingle | Qian Hua Pingyang Zhang Yong Yang Jingchao Ren Shouming Cui Yuxin Yang Loulou Cai Jia Ding Shouyuan Cui Mingyang Gao David C. Christiani William Au Yanchun Ma Zhongjun Du Guang-hui Zhang Zhao-lin Xia Documentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in China BMC Public Health Occupational exposure to lead Multiple morbidities Comorbidity Metal toxicity Environmental epidemiology |
| title | Documentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in China |
| title_full | Documentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in China |
| title_fullStr | Documentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Documentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in China |
| title_short | Documentation of lead exposure-associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in China |
| title_sort | documentation of lead exposure associated comorbidity among 4538 workers in china |
| topic | Occupational exposure to lead Multiple morbidities Comorbidity Metal toxicity Environmental epidemiology |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-025-21436-w |
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