Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review
Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that profoundly impacts cognitive function and the nervous system. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal roles of iron homeostasis dysregulation and microbial inflammatory factors in the oral a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Microorganisms |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/122 |
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| author | Agata Kuziak Piotr Heczko Agata Pietrzyk Magdalena Strus |
| author_facet | Agata Kuziak Piotr Heczko Agata Pietrzyk Magdalena Strus |
| author_sort | Agata Kuziak |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that profoundly impacts cognitive function and the nervous system. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal roles of iron homeostasis dysregulation and microbial inflammatory factors in the oral and gut microbiome as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of AD. Iron homeostasis disruption can result in excessive intracellular iron accumulation, promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage. Additionally, inflammatory agents produced by pathogenic bacteria may enter the body via two primary pathways: directly through the gut or indirectly via the oral cavity, entering the bloodstream and reaching the brain. This infiltration disrupts cellular homeostasis, induces neuroinflammation, and exacerbates AD-related pathology. Addressing these mechanisms through personalized treatment strategies that target the underlying causes of AD could play a critical role in preventing its onset and progression. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-90cda630cd674562b44d6d338afb6331 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2076-2607 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microorganisms |
| spelling | doaj-art-90cda630cd674562b44d6d338afb63312025-01-24T13:42:44ZengMDPI AGMicroorganisms2076-26072025-01-0113112210.3390/microorganisms13010122Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative ReviewAgata Kuziak0Piotr Heczko1Agata Pietrzyk2Magdalena Strus3Doctoral School of Medical and Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, św. Łazarza 16 Street, 31-008 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, PolandDepartment of Microbiology, Faculty of Medicine, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Czysta 18 Street, 31-121 Cracow, PolandAlzheimer’s disease (AD), the most common form of dementia, is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder that profoundly impacts cognitive function and the nervous system. Emerging evidence highlights the pivotal roles of iron homeostasis dysregulation and microbial inflammatory factors in the oral and gut microbiome as potential contributors to the pathogenesis of AD. Iron homeostasis disruption can result in excessive intracellular iron accumulation, promoting the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and oxidative damage. Additionally, inflammatory agents produced by pathogenic bacteria may enter the body via two primary pathways: directly through the gut or indirectly via the oral cavity, entering the bloodstream and reaching the brain. This infiltration disrupts cellular homeostasis, induces neuroinflammation, and exacerbates AD-related pathology. Addressing these mechanisms through personalized treatment strategies that target the underlying causes of AD could play a critical role in preventing its onset and progression.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/122Alzheimer’s diseaseiron dysregulationbacterial inflammatory factorsoral microbiotadysbiosisneuroinflammation |
| spellingShingle | Agata Kuziak Piotr Heczko Agata Pietrzyk Magdalena Strus Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review Microorganisms Alzheimer’s disease iron dysregulation bacterial inflammatory factors oral microbiota dysbiosis neuroinflammation |
| title | Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_full | Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_fullStr | Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_short | Iron Homeostasis Dysregulation, Oro-Gastrointestinal Microbial Inflammatory Factors, and Alzheimer’s Disease: A Narrative Review |
| title_sort | iron homeostasis dysregulation oro gastrointestinal microbial inflammatory factors and alzheimer s disease a narrative review |
| topic | Alzheimer’s disease iron dysregulation bacterial inflammatory factors oral microbiota dysbiosis neuroinflammation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2607/13/1/122 |
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