The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven Robots

Tendon-driven robots offer advantages in terms of their compliance, lightweight design, and remote actuation, making them ideal for applications requiring dexterity and safety. However, existing tendon-driven actuators often suffer from low integration and inaccurate proprioceptive sensing due to th...

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Main Authors: Di Zhao, Xinbo Wang, Fanbo Wei, Lei Ren, Kunyang Wang, Luquan Ren
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-06-01
Series:Actuators
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/6/278
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author Di Zhao
Xinbo Wang
Fanbo Wei
Lei Ren
Kunyang Wang
Luquan Ren
author_facet Di Zhao
Xinbo Wang
Fanbo Wei
Lei Ren
Kunyang Wang
Luquan Ren
author_sort Di Zhao
collection DOAJ
description Tendon-driven robots offer advantages in terms of their compliance, lightweight design, and remote actuation, making them ideal for applications requiring dexterity and safety. However, existing tendon-driven actuators often suffer from low integration and inaccurate proprioceptive sensing due to their complex pulley-based tension sensors and bulky angle sensors. This paper presents the design and control of a compact and proprioceptive modular tendon-driven actuator. The actuator features a simplified single-pulley tension sensing mechanism and a novel maze-slot fixation method, minimizing friction and maximizing the structural integrity. A 3D Hall effect sensor is employed for accurate estimation of the tendon length with minimal space usage. A feedforward PID controller and a model-based tendon length observer are proposed to enhance the dynamic performance and sensing accuracy. Bench tests demonstrate that the actuator achieves a high power density (0.441 W/g), accurate closed-loop tension control, and reliable tendon length estimations. The proposed design provides a practical and high-performance solution for tendon-driven robots, enabling more agile, compact, and robust robotic systems.
format Article
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institution Kabale University
issn 2076-0825
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publishDate 2025-06-01
publisher MDPI AG
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series Actuators
spelling doaj-art-909bc0742dab46c5893d60d4ab91e8162025-08-20T03:24:26ZengMDPI AGActuators2076-08252025-06-0114627810.3390/act14060278The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven RobotsDi Zhao0Xinbo Wang1Fanbo Wei2Lei Ren3Kunyang Wang4Luquan Ren5Key Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaKey Laboratory of Bionic Engineering, Ministry of Education, Jilin University, Changchun 130012, ChinaTendon-driven robots offer advantages in terms of their compliance, lightweight design, and remote actuation, making them ideal for applications requiring dexterity and safety. However, existing tendon-driven actuators often suffer from low integration and inaccurate proprioceptive sensing due to their complex pulley-based tension sensors and bulky angle sensors. This paper presents the design and control of a compact and proprioceptive modular tendon-driven actuator. The actuator features a simplified single-pulley tension sensing mechanism and a novel maze-slot fixation method, minimizing friction and maximizing the structural integrity. A 3D Hall effect sensor is employed for accurate estimation of the tendon length with minimal space usage. A feedforward PID controller and a model-based tendon length observer are proposed to enhance the dynamic performance and sensing accuracy. Bench tests demonstrate that the actuator achieves a high power density (0.441 W/g), accurate closed-loop tension control, and reliable tendon length estimations. The proposed design provides a practical and high-performance solution for tendon-driven robots, enabling more agile, compact, and robust robotic systems.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/6/278tendon-driven actuatorproprioceptionmodel-based control
spellingShingle Di Zhao
Xinbo Wang
Fanbo Wei
Lei Ren
Kunyang Wang
Luquan Ren
The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven Robots
Actuators
tendon-driven actuator
proprioception
model-based control
title The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven Robots
title_full The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven Robots
title_fullStr The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven Robots
title_full_unstemmed The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven Robots
title_short The Design and Control of a Proprioceptive Modular Actuator for Tendon-Driven Robots
title_sort design and control of a proprioceptive modular actuator for tendon driven robots
topic tendon-driven actuator
proprioception
model-based control
url https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0825/14/6/278
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