Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility

Summary: The KOH protein solubility (KOHPS) method to evaluate if a lot of commercial soybean meal (SBM) has undergone the Maillard reaction during processing was introduced to the animal feed industry by Araba and Dale (1990). Although it is used worldwide, there are 2 limitations that have not bee...

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Main Authors: Nelson Ruiz, Carl M. Parsons, Brian Steinlicht, Dave Taysom, Xin Wu, Fiona Liu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: Elsevier 2025-09-01
Series:Journal of Applied Poultry Research
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Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617125000352
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author Nelson Ruiz
Carl M. Parsons
Brian Steinlicht
Dave Taysom
Xin Wu
Fiona Liu
author_facet Nelson Ruiz
Carl M. Parsons
Brian Steinlicht
Dave Taysom
Xin Wu
Fiona Liu
author_sort Nelson Ruiz
collection DOAJ
description Summary: The KOH protein solubility (KOHPS) method to evaluate if a lot of commercial soybean meal (SBM) has undergone the Maillard reaction during processing was introduced to the animal feed industry by Araba and Dale (1990). Although it is used worldwide, there are 2 limitations that have not been addressed. There is large inter-laboratory variability of the test and an absence of a quantitative interpretation of the results in terms of amino acid (AA) digestibility that can be used by nutritionists and formulators for commercial SBM affected by the Maillard reaction. The objective of this study was to standardize the KOHPS method in a single commercial laboratory starting from the description by Araba and Dale (1990) by using commercial SBM samples whose in vivo AA digestibility status was known. For this purpose, 2 SBM samples, one with high solubility (80 to 85 % KOHPS) and another with low solubility (KOHPS ∼ 50 %), were used as reference samples to develop a preliminary protocol. Then adjustments in intensity of agitation were made with 4 SBM samples of known in vivo digestible Lys coefficients (0.88 to 0.96) to yield KOHPS values from 80 % to 85 %. The standardized protocol yielded KOHPS values from 50 to 56 % for the low solubility SBM reference sample and 3 samples known to have low in vivo digestible Lys coefficients (0.73 to 0.77). In conclusion, a standardized protocol is now available for the determination of KOHPS of commercial SBM that will allow regression equations to be developed for the estimation of digestible AA.
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spelling doaj-art-90845492d95c4e6e9c8d1fa2f4c1a2dc2025-08-20T05:04:33ZengElsevierJournal of Applied Poultry Research1056-61712025-09-0134310055010.1016/j.japr.2025.100550Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibilityNelson Ruiz0Carl M. Parsons1Brian Steinlicht2Dave Taysom3Xin Wu4Fiona Liu5Nelson Ruiz Nutrition, LLC, Suwanee GA 30024, USA; Corresponding author.Department of Animal Sciences, University of Illinois, Urbana, IL 61801, USADairyland Laboratories, Inc., Arcadia WI 54612, USADairyland Laboratories, Inc., Arcadia WI 54612, USAAmerican Oil Chemists’ Society, Champaign, IL 61822, USAAmerican Oil Chemists’ Society, Champaign, IL 61822, USASummary: The KOH protein solubility (KOHPS) method to evaluate if a lot of commercial soybean meal (SBM) has undergone the Maillard reaction during processing was introduced to the animal feed industry by Araba and Dale (1990). Although it is used worldwide, there are 2 limitations that have not been addressed. There is large inter-laboratory variability of the test and an absence of a quantitative interpretation of the results in terms of amino acid (AA) digestibility that can be used by nutritionists and formulators for commercial SBM affected by the Maillard reaction. The objective of this study was to standardize the KOHPS method in a single commercial laboratory starting from the description by Araba and Dale (1990) by using commercial SBM samples whose in vivo AA digestibility status was known. For this purpose, 2 SBM samples, one with high solubility (80 to 85 % KOHPS) and another with low solubility (KOHPS ∼ 50 %), were used as reference samples to develop a preliminary protocol. Then adjustments in intensity of agitation were made with 4 SBM samples of known in vivo digestible Lys coefficients (0.88 to 0.96) to yield KOHPS values from 80 % to 85 %. The standardized protocol yielded KOHPS values from 50 to 56 % for the low solubility SBM reference sample and 3 samples known to have low in vivo digestible Lys coefficients (0.73 to 0.77). In conclusion, a standardized protocol is now available for the determination of KOHPS of commercial SBM that will allow regression equations to be developed for the estimation of digestible AA.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617125000352KOH protein solubilitySoybean mealAmino acid digestibility
spellingShingle Nelson Ruiz
Carl M. Parsons
Brian Steinlicht
Dave Taysom
Xin Wu
Fiona Liu
Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility
Journal of Applied Poultry Research
KOH protein solubility
Soybean meal
Amino acid digestibility
title Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility
title_full Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility
title_fullStr Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility
title_full_unstemmed Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility
title_short Precise nutrition 1: Standardization of the KOH protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility
title_sort precise nutrition 1 standardization of the koh protein solubility test for soybean meal in a single commercial laboratory and correlation to in vivo poultry amino acid digestibility
topic KOH protein solubility
Soybean meal
Amino acid digestibility
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1056617125000352
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