Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Background: Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly changed the multiple myeloma treatment landscape. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 mAb-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. Methods: We performe...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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SAGE Publishing
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Therapeutic Advances in Hematology |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1177/20406207251314289 |
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| author | Muhammad Osama Muhammad Haris Khan Safeena Khan Amna Hussain Ammara Tahir Mehran Ullah Abdullah Afridi Ubaid Ullah Wajeeh Ur Rehman |
| author_facet | Muhammad Osama Muhammad Haris Khan Safeena Khan Amna Hussain Ammara Tahir Mehran Ullah Abdullah Afridi Ubaid Ullah Wajeeh Ur Rehman |
| author_sort | Muhammad Osama |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly changed the multiple myeloma treatment landscape. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 mAb-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, the Cochrane Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled using risk ratio (RR) along with the 95% confidence interval (CI) in RevMan 5.4. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Our meta-analysis included 11 randomized controlled trials. There were 5270 patients; 3040 TEs and 2230 TIEs. Anti-CD38 mAbs significantly improved MRD negativity (RR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.59–2.37; p < 0.00001) and PFS (RR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.45–0.58; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses revealed better outcomes for both the TE (MRD: RR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37–1.68; PFS: RR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34–0.54) and TIE (MRD: RR 3.49, 95% CI: 2.65–4.61; PFS: RR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.47–0.64) populations. Meta-regression revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0 significantly influenced MRD status (β = −0.015, p < 0.05), whereas ECOG scores 1 and 2 lacked statistical significance. Subgroup analysis revealed that PFS was significantly different between standard (RR 0.47) and high (RR 0.81) cytogenetic risk groups. Conclusion: In NDMM patients, anti-CD38 mAb-based therapy significantly improved MRD status, and PFS compared with standard therapy alone, in both TE and TIE patients, suggesting a favorable benefit–risk profile. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-907cb7e8ae4845548602e2a7277aee8f |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2040-6215 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | SAGE Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Therapeutic Advances in Hematology |
| spelling | doaj-art-907cb7e8ae4845548602e2a7277aee8f2025-01-27T15:03:23ZengSAGE PublishingTherapeutic Advances in Hematology2040-62152025-01-011610.1177/20406207251314289Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysisMuhammad OsamaMuhammad Haris KhanSafeena KhanAmna HussainAmmara TahirMehran UllahAbdullah AfridiUbaid UllahWajeeh Ur RehmanBackground: Anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) have significantly changed the multiple myeloma treatment landscape. This meta-analysis compared the efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 mAb-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) patients. Methods: We performed a comprehensive literature search on PubMed, the Cochrane Database, and ClinicalTrials.gov. The primary outcomes were progression-free survival (PFS) and minimal residual disease (MRD) status. Dichotomous outcomes were pooled using risk ratio (RR) along with the 95% confidence interval (CI) in RevMan 5.4. Subgroup analysis and meta-regression analysis were performed. The RoB 2.0 tool was used to assess the risk of bias. Results: Our meta-analysis included 11 randomized controlled trials. There were 5270 patients; 3040 TEs and 2230 TIEs. Anti-CD38 mAbs significantly improved MRD negativity (RR 1.94, 95% CI: 1.59–2.37; p < 0.00001) and PFS (RR 0.51, 95% CI: 0.45–0.58; p < 0.00001). Subgroup analyses revealed better outcomes for both the TE (MRD: RR 1.52, 95% CI: 1.37–1.68; PFS: RR 0.43, 95% CI: 0.34–0.54) and TIE (MRD: RR 3.49, 95% CI: 2.65–4.61; PFS: RR 0.55, 95% CI: 0.47–0.64) populations. Meta-regression revealed that Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) score 0 significantly influenced MRD status (β = −0.015, p < 0.05), whereas ECOG scores 1 and 2 lacked statistical significance. Subgroup analysis revealed that PFS was significantly different between standard (RR 0.47) and high (RR 0.81) cytogenetic risk groups. Conclusion: In NDMM patients, anti-CD38 mAb-based therapy significantly improved MRD status, and PFS compared with standard therapy alone, in both TE and TIE patients, suggesting a favorable benefit–risk profile.https://doi.org/10.1177/20406207251314289 |
| spellingShingle | Muhammad Osama Muhammad Haris Khan Safeena Khan Amna Hussain Ammara Tahir Mehran Ullah Abdullah Afridi Ubaid Ullah Wajeeh Ur Rehman Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis Therapeutic Advances in Hematology |
| title | Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full | Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_fullStr | Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_full_unstemmed | Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_short | Efficacy and safety of anti-CD38 monoclonal antibodies-based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients: a systematic review and meta-analysis |
| title_sort | efficacy and safety of anti cd38 monoclonal antibodies based therapy versus standard therapy in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma patients a systematic review and meta analysis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1177/20406207251314289 |
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