Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains
Ginseng, a traditional herbal medicine with a long history of use, is known to support human health, particularly by influencing brain function. Recent studies have identified gintonin, a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand derived from ginseng, as a key bioactive. However, the specific LPA...
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2025-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/179 |
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| author | Kyu-Sung Kim Rami Lee Inyeong Park Sung-Hee Hwang Yeshin Kim Jae-Won Jang Hyung-Seok Kim Seong-Min Choi Sang Jin Kim Hwa Jin Cho Ik-Hyun Cho Jong-Hoon Kim Do-Geun Kim Seung-Yeol Nah |
| author_facet | Kyu-Sung Kim Rami Lee Inyeong Park Sung-Hee Hwang Yeshin Kim Jae-Won Jang Hyung-Seok Kim Seong-Min Choi Sang Jin Kim Hwa Jin Cho Ik-Hyun Cho Jong-Hoon Kim Do-Geun Kim Seung-Yeol Nah |
| author_sort | Kyu-Sung Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Ginseng, a traditional herbal medicine with a long history of use, is known to support human health, particularly by influencing brain function. Recent studies have identified gintonin, a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand derived from ginseng, as a key bioactive. However, the specific LPA receptor subtypes targeted by gintonin in the human brain to exert its anti-Alzheimer’s (AD) effects remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the LPA receptor subtype targeted by gintonin in the human cortex. Using a fluorescent gintonin conjugate, we investigated receptor binding in cortical samples from healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 4) and AD patients (<i>n</i> = 4). Our results demonstrated that fluorescent gintonin selectively binds to human cortical neurons rather than glial cells and that gintonin-binding sites are co-localized with the LPA4 receptor subtype. Furthermore, the expression of LPA4 receptors was significantly reduced in the cortical neurons of AD patients. These results suggest that the LPA4 receptor may serve as a novel histopathological marker for AD and represent a promising therapeutic target for gintonin-based prevention and treatment strategies. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9072aba48a6f4fcbb4c33d7b49ef5ba1 |
| institution | DOAJ |
| issn | 2218-273X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomolecules |
| spelling | doaj-art-9072aba48a6f4fcbb4c33d7b49ef5ba12025-08-20T02:44:59ZengMDPI AGBiomolecules2218-273X2025-01-0115217910.3390/biom15020179Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease BrainsKyu-Sung Kim0Rami Lee1Inyeong Park2Sung-Hee Hwang3Yeshin Kim4Jae-Won Jang5Hyung-Seok Kim6Seong-Min Choi7Sang Jin Kim8Hwa Jin Cho9Ik-Hyun Cho10Jong-Hoon Kim11Do-Geun Kim12Seung-Yeol Nah13Department of Brain Sciences, Daegu Gyeongbuk Institute of Science and Technology (DGIST), Daegu 42988, Republic of KoreaGinsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of KoreaNeuroimmunology Laboratory, Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Pharmaceutical Engineering, College of Health Sciences, Sangji University, Wonju 26339, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24289, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Neurology, Kangwon National University Hospital, Chuncheon 24289, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Neurosurgery, Chonnam National University Medical School, Research Institute of Medical Sciences, Gwangju 61469, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Neurology, Chonnam National University Medical School, Jebong-ro, Gwangju 61469, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Neurology, Busan Paik Hospital, Inje University College of Medicine, Busan 47392, Republic of KoreaBusan & Gyeongnam Reference Laboratory, Department of Pathology, Seegene Medical Foundation, Busan 48792, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Convergence Medical Science, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of KoreaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Biosafety Research Institute, Chonbuk National University, Iksan-City 54596, Republic of KoreaNeuroimmunology Laboratory, Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu 41062, Republic of KoreaGinsentology Research Laboratory, Department of Physiology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of KoreaGinseng, a traditional herbal medicine with a long history of use, is known to support human health, particularly by influencing brain function. Recent studies have identified gintonin, a lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) receptor ligand derived from ginseng, as a key bioactive. However, the specific LPA receptor subtypes targeted by gintonin in the human brain to exert its anti-Alzheimer’s (AD) effects remain unclear. This study aimed to elucidate the LPA receptor subtype targeted by gintonin in the human cortex. Using a fluorescent gintonin conjugate, we investigated receptor binding in cortical samples from healthy individuals (<i>n</i> = 4) and AD patients (<i>n</i> = 4). Our results demonstrated that fluorescent gintonin selectively binds to human cortical neurons rather than glial cells and that gintonin-binding sites are co-localized with the LPA4 receptor subtype. Furthermore, the expression of LPA4 receptors was significantly reduced in the cortical neurons of AD patients. These results suggest that the LPA4 receptor may serve as a novel histopathological marker for AD and represent a promising therapeutic target for gintonin-based prevention and treatment strategies.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/179ginsenggintoninLPA4 receptorhuman cortexAD prevention |
| spellingShingle | Kyu-Sung Kim Rami Lee Inyeong Park Sung-Hee Hwang Yeshin Kim Jae-Won Jang Hyung-Seok Kim Seong-Min Choi Sang Jin Kim Hwa Jin Cho Ik-Hyun Cho Jong-Hoon Kim Do-Geun Kim Seung-Yeol Nah Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains Biomolecules ginseng gintonin LPA4 receptor human cortex AD prevention |
| title | Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains |
| title_full | Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains |
| title_fullStr | Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains |
| title_short | Gintonin Binds to Reduced LPA4 Receptor Subtype in Human Cortical Neurons in Alzheimer’s Disease Brains |
| title_sort | gintonin binds to reduced lpa4 receptor subtype in human cortical neurons in alzheimer s disease brains |
| topic | ginseng gintonin LPA4 receptor human cortex AD prevention |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-273X/15/2/179 |
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