Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN)
Influenza causes 100,000–710,000 hospitalizations annually in the U.S. Patients with liver disease are at higher risk of severe outcomes following influenza infection. This study evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated hospitalization among adults with liver disea...
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| Format: | Article |
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Taylor & Francis Group
2025-12-01
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| Series: | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2457205 |
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| author | Po-Han Huang Mary Patricia Nowalk Richard K. Zimmerman Samantha M. Olson H. Keipp Talbot Yuwei Zhu Manjusha Gaglani Kempapura Murthy Arnold S. Monto Emily T. Martin Fernanda P. Silveira G.K. Balasubramani |
| author_facet | Po-Han Huang Mary Patricia Nowalk Richard K. Zimmerman Samantha M. Olson H. Keipp Talbot Yuwei Zhu Manjusha Gaglani Kempapura Murthy Arnold S. Monto Emily T. Martin Fernanda P. Silveira G.K. Balasubramani |
| author_sort | Po-Han Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Influenza causes 100,000–710,000 hospitalizations annually in the U.S. Patients with liver disease are at higher risk of severe outcomes following influenza infection. This study evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated hospitalization among adults with liver disease. Data from the U.S. Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN), a test-negative case-control study, from 2015 to 2020 were used to estimate VE among adults ≥18 years admitted for acute respiratory illness. VE was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio)*100%, comparing the odds of vaccine receipt between laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and test-negative controls using multiple logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). In total, 1,622 (12.8%) of 12,704 adults had ≥1 liver disease(s). Compared with those without liver disease, adults with liver disease were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (15.7% vs 12.8%, p = .001) or to die in hospital (3.0% vs 1.4%, p < .001). The IPTW-adjusted VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22–32%) among patients without liver disease, but the VE of 11% (95% CI, −8–26%) was not significant among those with liver disease. Significant effect modification of VE by the presence of liver disease was found (p < .05 for interaction term). While influenza vaccination significantly reduced the risk of influenza-associated hospitalization among adults without liver disease, the protective effect was not significant among those with liver disease. Further studies are warranted to evaluate influenza VE in patients with different types of liver disease and with specific vaccine formulations. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-906475c3103444bebabbc49f6c889939 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2164-5515 2164-554X |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics |
| spelling | doaj-art-906475c3103444bebabbc49f6c8899392025-01-29T03:00:56ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHuman Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics2164-55152164-554X2025-12-0121110.1080/21645515.2025.2457205Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN)Po-Han Huang0Mary Patricia Nowalk1Richard K. Zimmerman2Samantha M. Olson3H. Keipp Talbot4Yuwei Zhu5Manjusha Gaglani6Kempapura Murthy7Arnold S. Monto8Emily T. Martin9Fernanda P. Silveira10G.K. Balasubramani11Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Family Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAInfluenza Division, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA, USADivision of Infectious Diseases, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USADepartment of Biostatistics, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USADepartment of Research Analytics and Development, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USADepartment of Research Analytics and Development, Baylor Scott & White Health, Temple, TX, USACenter for Respiratory Virus Research and Response, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USACenter for Respiratory Virus Research and Response, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USADepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USADepartment of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USAInfluenza causes 100,000–710,000 hospitalizations annually in the U.S. Patients with liver disease are at higher risk of severe outcomes following influenza infection. This study evaluated influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE) against influenza-associated hospitalization among adults with liver disease. Data from the U.S. Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN), a test-negative case-control study, from 2015 to 2020 were used to estimate VE among adults ≥18 years admitted for acute respiratory illness. VE was calculated as (1-adjusted odds ratio)*100%, comparing the odds of vaccine receipt between laboratory-confirmed influenza cases and test-negative controls using multiple logistic regression with inverse probability of treatment weighting (IPTW). In total, 1,622 (12.8%) of 12,704 adults had ≥1 liver disease(s). Compared with those without liver disease, adults with liver disease were more likely to be admitted to the intensive care unit (15.7% vs 12.8%, p = .001) or to die in hospital (3.0% vs 1.4%, p < .001). The IPTW-adjusted VE against influenza-associated hospitalization was 27% (95% confidence interval [CI], 22–32%) among patients without liver disease, but the VE of 11% (95% CI, −8–26%) was not significant among those with liver disease. Significant effect modification of VE by the presence of liver disease was found (p < .05 for interaction term). While influenza vaccination significantly reduced the risk of influenza-associated hospitalization among adults without liver disease, the protective effect was not significant among those with liver disease. Further studies are warranted to evaluate influenza VE in patients with different types of liver disease and with specific vaccine formulations.https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2457205Influenzavaccinevaccine effectivenessliver diseaseimmunocompromised |
| spellingShingle | Po-Han Huang Mary Patricia Nowalk Richard K. Zimmerman Samantha M. Olson H. Keipp Talbot Yuwei Zhu Manjusha Gaglani Kempapura Murthy Arnold S. Monto Emily T. Martin Fernanda P. Silveira G.K. Balasubramani Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) Human Vaccines & Immunotherapeutics Influenza vaccine vaccine effectiveness liver disease immunocompromised |
| title | Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) |
| title_full | Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) |
| title_fullStr | Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) |
| title_short | Vaccine effectiveness against influenza-associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease, 2015–2020: US Hospitalized Adult Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network (HAIVEN) |
| title_sort | vaccine effectiveness against influenza associated hospitalizations in adults with liver disease 2015 2020 us hospitalized adult influenza vaccine effectiveness network haiven |
| topic | Influenza vaccine vaccine effectiveness liver disease immunocompromised |
| url | https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/10.1080/21645515.2025.2457205 |
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