The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review
Cocoa and chocolate are known for their health benefits, which depend on factors like cocoa variety, post-harvest practices, and manufacturing processes, including fermentation, drying, roasting, grinding, and refining. These processing methods can influence the concentration and bioavailability of...
Saved in:
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2025-01-01
|
| Series: | Foods |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/2/255 |
| Tags: |
Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
|
| _version_ | 1832588495077507072 |
|---|---|
| author | Antonello Paparella Maria Schirone Clemencia Chaves López |
| author_facet | Antonello Paparella Maria Schirone Clemencia Chaves López |
| author_sort | Antonello Paparella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cocoa and chocolate are known for their health benefits, which depend on factors like cocoa variety, post-harvest practices, and manufacturing processes, including fermentation, drying, roasting, grinding, and refining. These processing methods can influence the concentration and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols that are linked to cardiovascular health and antioxidant effects. Recent scientific research has led to the development of cocoa-based products marketed as functional foods. However, despite the growing interest in the functional potential of cocoa, the literature lacks crucial information about the properties of different varieties of cocoa and their possible implications for human health. Moreover, climate change is affecting global cocoa production, potentially altering product composition and health-related characteristics. In addition to polyphenols, other compounds of interest are biogenic amines, due to their role and potential toxic effects on human health. Based on toxicological data and recent research on the complex relationship between biogenic amines and cocoa fermentation, setting limits or standards for biogenic amines in cocoa and chocolate could help ensure product safety. Finally, new trends in research on biogenic amines in chocolate suggest that these compounds might also be used as quality markers, and that product formulation and process conditions could change content and diversity of the different amines. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-906209aea4114f4d97bcff1f56e75767 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2304-8158 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Foods |
| spelling | doaj-art-906209aea4114f4d97bcff1f56e757672025-01-24T13:33:02ZengMDPI AGFoods2304-81582025-01-0114225510.3390/foods14020255The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated ReviewAntonello Paparella0Maria Schirone1Clemencia Chaves López2Department of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyDepartment of Bioscience and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, 64100 Teramo, ItalyCocoa and chocolate are known for their health benefits, which depend on factors like cocoa variety, post-harvest practices, and manufacturing processes, including fermentation, drying, roasting, grinding, and refining. These processing methods can influence the concentration and bioavailability of bioactive compounds, such as polyphenols that are linked to cardiovascular health and antioxidant effects. Recent scientific research has led to the development of cocoa-based products marketed as functional foods. However, despite the growing interest in the functional potential of cocoa, the literature lacks crucial information about the properties of different varieties of cocoa and their possible implications for human health. Moreover, climate change is affecting global cocoa production, potentially altering product composition and health-related characteristics. In addition to polyphenols, other compounds of interest are biogenic amines, due to their role and potential toxic effects on human health. Based on toxicological data and recent research on the complex relationship between biogenic amines and cocoa fermentation, setting limits or standards for biogenic amines in cocoa and chocolate could help ensure product safety. Finally, new trends in research on biogenic amines in chocolate suggest that these compounds might also be used as quality markers, and that product formulation and process conditions could change content and diversity of the different amines.https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/2/255<i>Theobroma cacao</i>cocoa-based productscocoa productionprocessingbiogenic amineshealth effect |
| spellingShingle | Antonello Paparella Maria Schirone Clemencia Chaves López The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review Foods <i>Theobroma cacao</i> cocoa-based products cocoa production processing biogenic amines health effect |
| title | The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review |
| title_full | The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review |
| title_fullStr | The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review |
| title_short | The Health Impact of Cocoa from Cultivation to the Formation of Biogenic Amines: An Updated Review |
| title_sort | health impact of cocoa from cultivation to the formation of biogenic amines an updated review |
| topic | <i>Theobroma cacao</i> cocoa-based products cocoa production processing biogenic amines health effect |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2304-8158/14/2/255 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT antonellopaparella thehealthimpactofcocoafromcultivationtotheformationofbiogenicaminesanupdatedreview AT mariaschirone thehealthimpactofcocoafromcultivationtotheformationofbiogenicaminesanupdatedreview AT clemenciachaveslopez thehealthimpactofcocoafromcultivationtotheformationofbiogenicaminesanupdatedreview AT antonellopaparella healthimpactofcocoafromcultivationtotheformationofbiogenicaminesanupdatedreview AT mariaschirone healthimpactofcocoafromcultivationtotheformationofbiogenicaminesanupdatedreview AT clemenciachaveslopez healthimpactofcocoafromcultivationtotheformationofbiogenicaminesanupdatedreview |