Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection
Abstract Background Nanodrugs play a crucial role in biomedical applications by enhancing drug delivery. To address safety and toxicity concerns associated with nanoparticles, lipid-nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for developing next-generation smart nano...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03064-5 |
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| author | Sanjeevram Dhandapani Yujeong Ha Rongbo Wang Tae Woo Kwon Ik-Hyun Cho Yeon-Ju Kim |
| author_facet | Sanjeevram Dhandapani Yujeong Ha Rongbo Wang Tae Woo Kwon Ik-Hyun Cho Yeon-Ju Kim |
| author_sort | Sanjeevram Dhandapani |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Nanodrugs play a crucial role in biomedical applications by enhancing drug delivery. To address safety and toxicity concerns associated with nanoparticles, lipid-nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for developing next-generation smart nanomedicines. Ginseng has traditionally been used for various therapeutic purposes, including antiviral activity. This study aimed to prepare a biocompatible and therapeutically potent Korean ginseng nanoemulsion (KGS-NE) using ginseng seed oil (GSO), optimize its encapsulation and drug delivery efficiency, and evaluate its antiviral activity. Results Various techniques were utilized to confirm the KGS-NE formation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified gold nanoparticles with the highest Au peak at 2.1 keV. Selected area diffraction patterns revealed crystallographic structures. FT-IR spectrometry detected functional groups, with peaks at 2922.09 cm−1 (alkene C–H stretching), 1740.24 cm−1 (aldehyde C=O stretching), and 1098.07 cm−1 (C–O stretching in secondary alcohol). Storage stability studies showed that KGS-NE maintained its size and stability for 6 months at 4 °C. The KGS-NE exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of HCoV-OC43 viral replication in Vero E6 cells. RNA sequencing analysis unveiled differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specifically involved in the ABC transporters signaling pathway. KGS-NE oral administration facilitated the recovery of mice induced with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, as confirmed by inflammatory markers expression in lung tissue. In the Syrian hamster infected with the SARS-CoV-2 model, the lungs dissected showed enlarged morphology and induced inflammatory cytokines. This effect was mitigated with KGS-NE oral administration, as observed through H&E and qRT-PCR analysis. Biochemical analysis at various oral administration concentrations demonstrated that KGS-NE had no adverse effects on the kidney and liver. Conclusions Our findings strongly suggest that oral administering KGS-NE in mice and Syrian hamster models has the potential to effectively mitigate lung inflammation against coronavirus. This indicates a promising new strategy for developing the antiviral nano-agent against SARS-CoV-2. Graphical Abstract |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-9043ef9d0bb440a3b4fb3808a31bfc91 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 1477-3155 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Nanobiotechnology |
| spelling | doaj-art-9043ef9d0bb440a3b4fb3808a31bfc912025-01-19T12:37:48ZengBMCJournal of Nanobiotechnology1477-31552025-01-0123112310.1186/s12951-024-03064-5Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infectionSanjeevram Dhandapani0Yujeong Ha1Rongbo Wang2Tae Woo Kwon3Ik-Hyun Cho4Yeon-Ju Kim5Graduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversityGraduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversityDepartment of Science in Korean Medicine and Brain Korea 21 Plus Program, Graduate School, Kyung Hee UniversityGraduate School of Biotechnology, and College of Life Science, Kyung Hee UniversityAbstract Background Nanodrugs play a crucial role in biomedical applications by enhancing drug delivery. To address safety and toxicity concerns associated with nanoparticles, lipid-nanocarrier-based drug delivery systems have emerged as a promising approach for developing next-generation smart nanomedicines. Ginseng has traditionally been used for various therapeutic purposes, including antiviral activity. This study aimed to prepare a biocompatible and therapeutically potent Korean ginseng nanoemulsion (KGS-NE) using ginseng seed oil (GSO), optimize its encapsulation and drug delivery efficiency, and evaluate its antiviral activity. Results Various techniques were utilized to confirm the KGS-NE formation. Energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy identified gold nanoparticles with the highest Au peak at 2.1 keV. Selected area diffraction patterns revealed crystallographic structures. FT-IR spectrometry detected functional groups, with peaks at 2922.09 cm−1 (alkene C–H stretching), 1740.24 cm−1 (aldehyde C=O stretching), and 1098.07 cm−1 (C–O stretching in secondary alcohol). Storage stability studies showed that KGS-NE maintained its size and stability for 6 months at 4 °C. The KGS-NE exhibited a dose-dependent suppression of HCoV-OC43 viral replication in Vero E6 cells. RNA sequencing analysis unveiled differentially expressed genes (DEGs) specifically involved in the ABC transporters signaling pathway. KGS-NE oral administration facilitated the recovery of mice induced with the receptor binding domain (RBD) of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) spike protein, as confirmed by inflammatory markers expression in lung tissue. In the Syrian hamster infected with the SARS-CoV-2 model, the lungs dissected showed enlarged morphology and induced inflammatory cytokines. This effect was mitigated with KGS-NE oral administration, as observed through H&E and qRT-PCR analysis. Biochemical analysis at various oral administration concentrations demonstrated that KGS-NE had no adverse effects on the kidney and liver. Conclusions Our findings strongly suggest that oral administering KGS-NE in mice and Syrian hamster models has the potential to effectively mitigate lung inflammation against coronavirus. This indicates a promising new strategy for developing the antiviral nano-agent against SARS-CoV-2. Graphical Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03064-5NanoparticlesGinseng seed oilEmulsificationSARS-CoV-2Anti-inflammationAntivirus |
| spellingShingle | Sanjeevram Dhandapani Yujeong Ha Rongbo Wang Tae Woo Kwon Ik-Hyun Cho Yeon-Ju Kim Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection Journal of Nanobiotechnology Nanoparticles Ginseng seed oil Emulsification SARS-CoV-2 Anti-inflammation Antivirus |
| title | Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_full | Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_fullStr | Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_full_unstemmed | Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_short | Lipid-encapsulated gold nanoparticles: an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in SARS-CoV-2 infection |
| title_sort | lipid encapsulated gold nanoparticles an advanced strategy for attenuating the inflammatory response in sars cov 2 infection |
| topic | Nanoparticles Ginseng seed oil Emulsification SARS-CoV-2 Anti-inflammation Antivirus |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12951-024-03064-5 |
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