Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigations

Micellization behaviour, thermodynamics and dye–surfactant interactions are the main topics of this investigation into the relationship between Remalan Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye and n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (CnTAC; n = 12, 14, 16 and 18) surfactants. Conductometric analysis revealed that...

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Main Authors: Ashraf El-Hashani, Manish Kumar Sah, Khaled Edbey, Rehab Gaber Ismael, Dileep Kumar, Ajaya Bhattarai
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: The Royal Society 2025-02-01
Series:Royal Society Open Science
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Online Access:https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241344
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author Ashraf El-Hashani
Manish Kumar Sah
Khaled Edbey
Rehab Gaber Ismael
Dileep Kumar
Ajaya Bhattarai
author_facet Ashraf El-Hashani
Manish Kumar Sah
Khaled Edbey
Rehab Gaber Ismael
Dileep Kumar
Ajaya Bhattarai
author_sort Ashraf El-Hashani
collection DOAJ
description Micellization behaviour, thermodynamics and dye–surfactant interactions are the main topics of this investigation into the relationship between Remalan Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye and n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (CnTAC; n = 12, 14, 16 and 18) surfactants. Conductometric analysis revealed that the critical micelle concentration decreased with increasing alkyl chain length, suggesting that longer chains formed better micelles. Due to electrostatic interactions, spectrophotometric analyses revealed notable alterations in RBBR absorption following contact with CnTAC. Benesi–Hildebrand and Scott equations were used to compute the binding constant (Kb), which increased with chain length, indicating stronger dye–micelle interactions. The spontaneous interactions between RBBR and micelles were confirmed by thermodynamic analysis, which showed negative Gibbs free energy values (ΔG). The stability of dye–micelle complexes is attributed to hydrophobic forces, as seen by the greater negative ΔG that was produced by longer alkyl chains. Interestingly, increased surfactant concentrations changed equilibrium and decreased dye adsorption by breaking up pre-formed RBBR–CnTAC complexes. These results highlight how important the length of the alkyl chain is for micelle formation, thermodynamic parameters and dye–surfactant interactions. As the length of the chain grew, the sequence of RBBR binding strength was found to be C12TAC < C14TAC < C16TAC < C18TAC.
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spelling doaj-art-8f98f0b76a8b4a62a5d4c323d83d0bc02025-08-20T03:16:22ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032025-02-0112210.1098/rsos.241344Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigationsAshraf El-Hashani0Manish Kumar Sah1Khaled Edbey2Rehab Gaber Ismael3Dileep Kumar4Ajaya Bhattarai5Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi 16063, LibyaDepartment of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, NepalDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi 16063, LibyaDepartment of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, University of Benghazi, Benghazi 16063, LibyaLaboratory for Chemical Computation and Modeling, Institute for Computational Science and Artificial Intelligence, Van Lang University, Ho Chi Minh City, VietnamDepartment of Chemistry, Mahendra Morang Adarsh Multiple Campus, Tribhuvan University, Biratnagar 56613, NepalMicellization behaviour, thermodynamics and dye–surfactant interactions are the main topics of this investigation into the relationship between Remalan Brilliant Blue R (RBBR) dye and n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride (CnTAC; n = 12, 14, 16 and 18) surfactants. Conductometric analysis revealed that the critical micelle concentration decreased with increasing alkyl chain length, suggesting that longer chains formed better micelles. Due to electrostatic interactions, spectrophotometric analyses revealed notable alterations in RBBR absorption following contact with CnTAC. Benesi–Hildebrand and Scott equations were used to compute the binding constant (Kb), which increased with chain length, indicating stronger dye–micelle interactions. The spontaneous interactions between RBBR and micelles were confirmed by thermodynamic analysis, which showed negative Gibbs free energy values (ΔG). The stability of dye–micelle complexes is attributed to hydrophobic forces, as seen by the greater negative ΔG that was produced by longer alkyl chains. Interestingly, increased surfactant concentrations changed equilibrium and decreased dye adsorption by breaking up pre-formed RBBR–CnTAC complexes. These results highlight how important the length of the alkyl chain is for micelle formation, thermodynamic parameters and dye–surfactant interactions. As the length of the chain grew, the sequence of RBBR binding strength was found to be C12TAC < C14TAC < C16TAC < C18TAC.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241344n-alkyltrimethylammonium chlorideRemalan Brilliant Blue RUV spectroscopyconductivityGibbs free energy
spellingShingle Ashraf El-Hashani
Manish Kumar Sah
Khaled Edbey
Rehab Gaber Ismael
Dileep Kumar
Ajaya Bhattarai
Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigations
Royal Society Open Science
n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride
Remalan Brilliant Blue R
UV spectroscopy
conductivity
Gibbs free energy
title Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigations
title_full Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigations
title_fullStr Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigations
title_full_unstemmed Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigations
title_short Interaction of Remalan Brilliant Blue R dye with n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants: conductometric and spectroscopic investigations
title_sort interaction of remalan brilliant blue r dye with n alkyltrimethylammonium chloride surfactants conductometric and spectroscopic investigations
topic n-alkyltrimethylammonium chloride
Remalan Brilliant Blue R
UV spectroscopy
conductivity
Gibbs free energy
url https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.241344
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