Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in Agriculture
Regenerative agriculture aims to improve soil quality and restore soil biodiversity, re-establishing natural systems in agricultural areas. Among some strategies, it is important to reduce the use of chemical pesticides that affect the productive capacity of the soil and cause problems to the enviro...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/30 |
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| author | Pauline Flores da Silva Maicon Sérgio Nascimento dos Santos Beatriz de Andrade Araújo Bruno Douglas Kerber Heloisa Alves Pinto de Oliveira Jerson Vanderlei Carús Guedes Marcio Antonio Mazutti Marcus Vinícius Tres Giovani Leone Zabot |
| author_facet | Pauline Flores da Silva Maicon Sérgio Nascimento dos Santos Beatriz de Andrade Araújo Bruno Douglas Kerber Heloisa Alves Pinto de Oliveira Jerson Vanderlei Carús Guedes Marcio Antonio Mazutti Marcus Vinícius Tres Giovani Leone Zabot |
| author_sort | Pauline Flores da Silva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Regenerative agriculture aims to improve soil quality and restore soil biodiversity, re-establishing natural systems in agricultural areas. Among some strategies, it is important to reduce the use of chemical pesticides that affect the productive capacity of the soil and cause problems to the environment. Based on this necessity, we present a strategy of producing a single product with bioinsecticidal and biofungicidal effects by submerged co-cultivations and paired cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> using different concentrations of glucose, sucrose, hydrolyzed animal protein (HAP), soybean meal hydrolysate plus organic phosphorus (SMH), and hydrolyzed feathers (HF) as renewable nutrients. The single cultivations and double and triple co-cultivations were carried out for 7 days at 28 °C in orbital agitation at 120 rpm. Most of the highest values of conidia were obtained in the treatments at the central point, in which (g L<sup>−1</sup>) glucose (20), sucrose (10), HAP (7.5), SMH (2.5), and HF (2.5) were used. The fermented broths were applied to the backs of adult bugs (<i>Euschistus heros</i>), which mostly provided 66–88% mortality. <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> + <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> showed approximately 70% inhibition against <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>. As a way forward, this product demonstrated integrated bioactivities as insecticide and fungicide and can be optimized to substitute chemical pesticides that have negative impacts on the environment. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8ecc578b653c481cbe6dbc1837a70239 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj-art-8ecc578b653c481cbe6dbc1837a702392025-01-24T13:32:07ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372025-01-011113010.3390/fermentation11010030Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in AgriculturePauline Flores da Silva0Maicon Sérgio Nascimento dos Santos1Beatriz de Andrade Araújo2Bruno Douglas Kerber3Heloisa Alves Pinto de Oliveira4Jerson Vanderlei Carús Guedes5Marcio Antonio Mazutti6Marcus Vinícius Tres7Giovani Leone Zabot8Laboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 3013, Taufik Germano Rd, Universitário II DC, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, BrazilLaboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 3013, Taufik Germano Rd, Universitário II DC, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, BrazilDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Agronomy, Federal Institute Farroupilha, Campus São Vicente do Sul (IFFar SVS), 2606, September 20 St., São Vicente do Sul 97420-000, BrazilDepartment of Crop Protection, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 1000, Roraima Av., Camobi, Santa Maria 97105-900, BrazilLaboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 3013, Taufik Germano Rd, Universitário II DC, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, BrazilLaboratory of Agroindustrial Processes Engineering (LAPE), Federal University of Santa Maria (UFSM), 3013, Taufik Germano Rd, Universitário II DC, Cachoeira do Sul 96503-205, BrazilRegenerative agriculture aims to improve soil quality and restore soil biodiversity, re-establishing natural systems in agricultural areas. Among some strategies, it is important to reduce the use of chemical pesticides that affect the productive capacity of the soil and cause problems to the environment. Based on this necessity, we present a strategy of producing a single product with bioinsecticidal and biofungicidal effects by submerged co-cultivations and paired cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> using different concentrations of glucose, sucrose, hydrolyzed animal protein (HAP), soybean meal hydrolysate plus organic phosphorus (SMH), and hydrolyzed feathers (HF) as renewable nutrients. The single cultivations and double and triple co-cultivations were carried out for 7 days at 28 °C in orbital agitation at 120 rpm. Most of the highest values of conidia were obtained in the treatments at the central point, in which (g L<sup>−1</sup>) glucose (20), sucrose (10), HAP (7.5), SMH (2.5), and HF (2.5) were used. The fermented broths were applied to the backs of adult bugs (<i>Euschistus heros</i>), which mostly provided 66–88% mortality. <i>Beauveria bassiana</i> + <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> showed approximately 70% inhibition against <i>Sclerotinia sclerotiorum</i> and <i>Macrophomina phaseolina</i>. As a way forward, this product demonstrated integrated bioactivities as insecticide and fungicide and can be optimized to substitute chemical pesticides that have negative impacts on the environment.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/30biological controlfermentationentomopathogenic fungifungicideinsecticide |
| spellingShingle | Pauline Flores da Silva Maicon Sérgio Nascimento dos Santos Beatriz de Andrade Araújo Bruno Douglas Kerber Heloisa Alves Pinto de Oliveira Jerson Vanderlei Carús Guedes Marcio Antonio Mazutti Marcus Vinícius Tres Giovani Leone Zabot Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in Agriculture Fermentation biological control fermentation entomopathogenic fungi fungicide insecticide |
| title | Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in Agriculture |
| title_full | Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in Agriculture |
| title_fullStr | Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in Agriculture |
| title_full_unstemmed | Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in Agriculture |
| title_short | Co-Cultivations of <i>Beauveria bassiana</i>, <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i>, and <i>Trichoderma harzianum</i> to Produce Bioactive Compounds for Application in Agriculture |
| title_sort | co cultivations of i beauveria bassiana i i metarhizium anisopliae i and i trichoderma harzianum i to produce bioactive compounds for application in agriculture |
| topic | biological control fermentation entomopathogenic fungi fungicide insecticide |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/11/1/30 |
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