Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an Embankment
Compound mitigation systems, integrations of natural and engineering structures against the high inundating current from tsunamis or storm surges, have garnered significant interest among researchers, especially following the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in 2011. Understanding the complex flow phen...
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MDPI AG
2025-01-01
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| Series: | Fluids |
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| author | A H M Rashedunnabi Norio Tanaka Md Abedur Rahman |
| author_facet | A H M Rashedunnabi Norio Tanaka Md Abedur Rahman |
| author_sort | A H M Rashedunnabi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Compound mitigation systems, integrations of natural and engineering structures against the high inundating current from tsunamis or storm surges, have garnered significant interest among researchers, especially following the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in 2011. Understanding the complex flow phenomena is essential for the resilience of the mitigation structures and effective energy reduction. This study conducted a flume experiment to clarify flow characteristics and fluid force dissipation in a compound defense system. Vegetation models (V) with different porosities (Φ) were placed at three different positions downstream of an embankment model (E). A single-layer emergent vegetation model was considered, and a short-layer vegetation with several values of Φ was incorporated to increase its density (decreased Φ). Depending on Φ and the spacing (S) between the E and V, hydraulic jumps occurred in the physical system. The findings demonstrated that a rise in S allowed a hydraulic jump to develop inside the system and contributed to reducing the fluid force in front and downstream of V. Due to the reduced porosity of the double-layer vegetation, the hydraulic jump moved upstream and terminated within the system, resulting in a uniform water surface upstream of V and downstream of the system. As a result, the fluid force in front of and behind V reduced remarkably. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e780387de31431384900513f197221e |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2311-5521 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Fluids |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e780387de31431384900513f197221e2025-01-24T13:32:36ZengMDPI AGFluids2311-55212025-01-011011610.3390/fluids10010016Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an EmbankmentA H M Rashedunnabi0Norio Tanaka1Md Abedur Rahman2Department of Mathematics, Faculty of Science, University of Rajshahi, Rajshahi 6205, BangladeshGraduate School of Science and Engineering, Saitama University, Saitama 338-8570, JapanTokyo Civil Engineering Branch, Maeda Corporation, Tokyo 102-0072, JapanCompound mitigation systems, integrations of natural and engineering structures against the high inundating current from tsunamis or storm surges, have garnered significant interest among researchers, especially following the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami in 2011. Understanding the complex flow phenomena is essential for the resilience of the mitigation structures and effective energy reduction. This study conducted a flume experiment to clarify flow characteristics and fluid force dissipation in a compound defense system. Vegetation models (V) with different porosities (Φ) were placed at three different positions downstream of an embankment model (E). A single-layer emergent vegetation model was considered, and a short-layer vegetation with several values of Φ was incorporated to increase its density (decreased Φ). Depending on Φ and the spacing (S) between the E and V, hydraulic jumps occurred in the physical system. The findings demonstrated that a rise in S allowed a hydraulic jump to develop inside the system and contributed to reducing the fluid force in front and downstream of V. Due to the reduced porosity of the double-layer vegetation, the hydraulic jump moved upstream and terminated within the system, resulting in a uniform water surface upstream of V and downstream of the system. As a result, the fluid force in front of and behind V reduced remarkably.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/1/16tsunami overtoppingcompound mitigation systemvegetation porosityhydraulic jumpfluid force |
| spellingShingle | A H M Rashedunnabi Norio Tanaka Md Abedur Rahman Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an Embankment Fluids tsunami overtopping compound mitigation system vegetation porosity hydraulic jump fluid force |
| title | Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an Embankment |
| title_full | Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an Embankment |
| title_fullStr | Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an Embankment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an Embankment |
| title_short | Transformations in Flow Characteristics and Fluid Force Reduction with Respect to the Vegetation Type and Its Installation Position Downstream of an Embankment |
| title_sort | transformations in flow characteristics and fluid force reduction with respect to the vegetation type and its installation position downstream of an embankment |
| topic | tsunami overtopping compound mitigation system vegetation porosity hydraulic jump fluid force |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5521/10/1/16 |
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