Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design
<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Decreased well-being may be a precursor to mental health challenges. Mental health visits for 5–11-year-old children increased by 24% from 2019 to 2020. COVID-19 led to record high levels of anxiety and depression in young children. This highlights the need...
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2025-01-01
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| author | Judith Quaranta Rosa Darling Mei-Hsiu Chen Julia DeMartino Madison Kozlowski |
| author_facet | Judith Quaranta Rosa Darling Mei-Hsiu Chen Julia DeMartino Madison Kozlowski |
| author_sort | Judith Quaranta |
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| description | <b>Background/Objectives</b>: Decreased well-being may be a precursor to mental health challenges. Mental health visits for 5–11-year-old children increased by 24% from 2019 to 2020. COVID-19 led to record high levels of anxiety and depression in young children. This highlights the need for early identification and intervention of decreased well-being to prevent progression to potential mental health issues. The purpose of our research was to develop the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© (PWBPS©), the first picture-based screening tool for ages 8–11 years, accessible to children regardless of their literacy, language skill, and developmental levels, allowing for quick screening for early referral and intervention. <b>Methods</b>: The mixed-methods research design included focus groups and one-on-one interviews for content and face validity, test/retest reliability, convergent validity, and exploratory factor analysis. Subjects were recruited from public elementary schools. <b>Results</b>: The numbers of participating subjects were as follows: N = 17 for focus groups; N = 12 for one-on-one interviews; N = 50 for test/retest reliability; and N = 237 for convergent validity. Thematic analysis resulted in a 10-item, 3-point picture-based Likert scale. The test/retest reliability demonstrated strong correlations, with an ICC of 0.823 (95% CI [0.690, 0.905]). The Cronbach’s alpha for all the administrations was 0.74, 0.74, 0.84, and 0.89. The convergent validity demonstrated correlation with the validated KIDSCREEN-10. The Spearman’s correlation was 0.64 (95% CI as [0.55, 0.71]). The cutoff for the PWBPS© was 18.5, which correlated to a score of 22 on the KIDSCREEN-10. All the items loaded on one component. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings demonstrate that the PWBPS© is valid and reliable, allowing for quick and accurate assessments of children’s well-being and allowing for early intervention, which is key to reducing the negative effects of poor mental well-being. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e5174d189594e20b5e587237a358013 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2039-439X 2039-4403 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2025-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nursing Reports |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e5174d189594e20b5e587237a3580132025-01-24T13:44:32ZengMDPI AGNursing Reports2039-439X2039-44032025-01-011512910.3390/nursrep15010029Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research DesignJudith Quaranta0Rosa Darling1Mei-Hsiu Chen2Julia DeMartino3Madison Kozlowski4Decker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USADecker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USADepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USADecker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USADecker College of Nursing and Health Sciences, Binghamton University, Binghamton, NY 13902, USA<b>Background/Objectives</b>: Decreased well-being may be a precursor to mental health challenges. Mental health visits for 5–11-year-old children increased by 24% from 2019 to 2020. COVID-19 led to record high levels of anxiety and depression in young children. This highlights the need for early identification and intervention of decreased well-being to prevent progression to potential mental health issues. The purpose of our research was to develop the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© (PWBPS©), the first picture-based screening tool for ages 8–11 years, accessible to children regardless of their literacy, language skill, and developmental levels, allowing for quick screening for early referral and intervention. <b>Methods</b>: The mixed-methods research design included focus groups and one-on-one interviews for content and face validity, test/retest reliability, convergent validity, and exploratory factor analysis. Subjects were recruited from public elementary schools. <b>Results</b>: The numbers of participating subjects were as follows: N = 17 for focus groups; N = 12 for one-on-one interviews; N = 50 for test/retest reliability; and N = 237 for convergent validity. Thematic analysis resulted in a 10-item, 3-point picture-based Likert scale. The test/retest reliability demonstrated strong correlations, with an ICC of 0.823 (95% CI [0.690, 0.905]). The Cronbach’s alpha for all the administrations was 0.74, 0.74, 0.84, and 0.89. The convergent validity demonstrated correlation with the validated KIDSCREEN-10. The Spearman’s correlation was 0.64 (95% CI as [0.55, 0.71]). The cutoff for the PWBPS© was 18.5, which correlated to a score of 22 on the KIDSCREEN-10. All the items loaded on one component. <b>Conclusions</b>: These findings demonstrate that the PWBPS© is valid and reliable, allowing for quick and accurate assessments of children’s well-being and allowing for early intervention, which is key to reducing the negative effects of poor mental well-being.https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/15/1/29child well-beingtool developmentmixed-methods research |
| spellingShingle | Judith Quaranta Rosa Darling Mei-Hsiu Chen Julia DeMartino Madison Kozlowski Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design Nursing Reports child well-being tool development mixed-methods research |
| title | Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design |
| title_full | Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design |
| title_fullStr | Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design |
| title_short | Development and Validation of the Pediatric Well-Being Picture Scale© Using a Mixed-Methods Research Design |
| title_sort | development and validation of the pediatric well being picture scale c using a mixed methods research design |
| topic | child well-being tool development mixed-methods research |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2039-4403/15/1/29 |
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