Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia
This study evaluated various industrial effluents’ effect on irrigation water quality and farm soil near Kombolcha town. Several industries such as brewery, steel iron, textile, and tannery have been installed near the Borkena River that crosses Kombolcha town. Representative samples of irrigation w...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Journal of Chemistry |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5586213 |
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| author | Mohammed Jemal Awol Amare Tiruneh Adugna Kamaraj M |
| author_facet | Mohammed Jemal Awol Amare Tiruneh Adugna Kamaraj M |
| author_sort | Mohammed Jemal Awol |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated various industrial effluents’ effect on irrigation water quality and farm soil near Kombolcha town. Several industries such as brewery, steel iron, textile, and tannery have been installed near the Borkena River that crosses Kombolcha town. Representative samples of irrigation water and farm soil were collected from the upper and down part of Borkena river. The upper site was used as a control as it was not contaminated by industrial effluents. The analysis for selected parameters showed that the downstream irrigation water quality had mean concentrations of pH = 8.54, magnesium (Mg+2) = 5.27 mg/l, carbonate (CO3−2) = 1.25 mg/l, bicarbonate (HCO3−) = 9.10 mg/l, copper (Cu) = 0.21 mg/l, chromium (Cr) = 0.31 mg/l, and cadmium (Cd) = 0.03 mg/l which were above the permissible limit of the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) irrigation water quality standard. The mean concentrations of electric conductivity (EC) = 0.96 ds/m, sodium (Na+) = 3.35 mg/l, chloride (Cl−) = 7.67 mg/l, and total dissolved solids (TDS) = 612.98 mg/l were slightly and moderately restricted for irrigation. Moreover, the concentration of heavy metals, calcium (Ca+2) = 16.61 mg/l, iron (Fe) = 4.25 mg/l, manganese (Mn) = 0.18 mg/l, and lead (Pb) = 0.47 mg/l, was below the permissible limit of the FAO and nonrestricted. However, the mean concentration of EC, HCO3−, Cu, Cr, Cd, and TDS for downstream-irrigated farm soil samples was above the permissible limit of the FAO. The concentration of most selected parameters in downstream farm soil was also decreasing along with depth except pH, CO3−2, and HCO3-. Generally, there is a significant quality difference (at P ≤ 0.05) between the upstream and downstream irrigation water quality on the parameters of Mg+2, Cl−, Pb, and Cu. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e48d7ac93c847e8a0d24bf2f7090b77 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2090-9063 2090-9071 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Chemistry |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e48d7ac93c847e8a0d24bf2f7090b772025-02-03T06:43:48ZengWileyJournal of Chemistry2090-90632090-90712021-01-01202110.1155/2021/55862135586213Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, EthiopiaMohammed Jemal Awol0Amare Tiruneh Adugna1Kamaraj M2Department of Hydraulic Engineering, College of Architectural and Civil Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Environmental Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, P.O. Box 16417, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa 16417, EthiopiaThis study evaluated various industrial effluents’ effect on irrigation water quality and farm soil near Kombolcha town. Several industries such as brewery, steel iron, textile, and tannery have been installed near the Borkena River that crosses Kombolcha town. Representative samples of irrigation water and farm soil were collected from the upper and down part of Borkena river. The upper site was used as a control as it was not contaminated by industrial effluents. The analysis for selected parameters showed that the downstream irrigation water quality had mean concentrations of pH = 8.54, magnesium (Mg+2) = 5.27 mg/l, carbonate (CO3−2) = 1.25 mg/l, bicarbonate (HCO3−) = 9.10 mg/l, copper (Cu) = 0.21 mg/l, chromium (Cr) = 0.31 mg/l, and cadmium (Cd) = 0.03 mg/l which were above the permissible limit of the Food and Agriculture Organization’s (FAO’s) irrigation water quality standard. The mean concentrations of electric conductivity (EC) = 0.96 ds/m, sodium (Na+) = 3.35 mg/l, chloride (Cl−) = 7.67 mg/l, and total dissolved solids (TDS) = 612.98 mg/l were slightly and moderately restricted for irrigation. Moreover, the concentration of heavy metals, calcium (Ca+2) = 16.61 mg/l, iron (Fe) = 4.25 mg/l, manganese (Mn) = 0.18 mg/l, and lead (Pb) = 0.47 mg/l, was below the permissible limit of the FAO and nonrestricted. However, the mean concentration of EC, HCO3−, Cu, Cr, Cd, and TDS for downstream-irrigated farm soil samples was above the permissible limit of the FAO. The concentration of most selected parameters in downstream farm soil was also decreasing along with depth except pH, CO3−2, and HCO3-. Generally, there is a significant quality difference (at P ≤ 0.05) between the upstream and downstream irrigation water quality on the parameters of Mg+2, Cl−, Pb, and Cu.http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5586213 |
| spellingShingle | Mohammed Jemal Awol Amare Tiruneh Adugna Kamaraj M Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia Journal of Chemistry |
| title | Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia |
| title_short | Assessing the Industrial Effluent Effect on Irrigation Water Quality and Farm Soil near Kombolcha Town, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | assessing the industrial effluent effect on irrigation water quality and farm soil near kombolcha town ethiopia |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2021/5586213 |
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