Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia
Introduction: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults living with HIV. Current and accurate information about the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults is critical for developing more effective treatments and interventions....
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Taylor & Francis Group
2023-12-01
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| Series: | HIV Research & Clinical Practice |
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| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2023.2187013 |
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| author | Mequanente Dagnaw Haileab Fekadu Adhanom Gebre Egziabher Tesfaye Yesfue Meera Indracanti Alemu Tebeje |
| author_facet | Mequanente Dagnaw Haileab Fekadu Adhanom Gebre Egziabher Tesfaye Yesfue Meera Indracanti Alemu Tebeje |
| author_sort | Mequanente Dagnaw |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults living with HIV. Current and accurate information about the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults is critical for developing more effective treatments and interventions. However, few studies have been conducted in Ethiopia on the prevalence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the comprehensive specialized hospital affiliated with the University of Gondar. Methods: Between January 11, 2015, and January 10, 2021, a retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. A total of 715 HIV-infected adults on ART were included in the study. Data were extracted from the charts of HIV-infected adults using a data extraction form adapted from the ART entry and follow-up forms. Epi-dataTM Version 4.5 was used to enter data, and StataTM Version 16 was used to analyze the data. The time interval between opportunistic infections was estimated using the Kaplan Meier survival curve. To identify risk predictors of opportunistic infections, bivariate and multivariate semi-parametric and parametric regression models were fitted. Result: This study included the records of 715 HIV-infected adults-initiated ART between January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021. During the follow-up period, the overall incidence of opportunistic infections was 4.1 (95 percent CI 3.74 to 4.44) per 10,000 person-year observation, with a median of 57 months (IQR = 40–69 months). Pneumocystis’ pneumonia at 90(16.51%) was the most encountered OI at follow-up. Adults are presenting with baseline CD4 < 200 cells/µl counts (AHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69), bedridden baseline functional status (AHR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82), WHO clinical stage II (AHR = 5.87, 95% CI 3.97 to 8.69) and WHO clinical stage III (AHR = 5.85, 95% CI 3.55 to 9.65) were notably associated with the incidence of opportunistic infections development. Conclusions: Opportunistic infections are uncommon among HIV-infected adults in this study. In terms of predictors, such as a low CD4 count and an advanced WHO stage (II or III), bedridden functional status was found to be significantly associated with OIs. |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8e08c53b662b41799d7b541b32326f5b |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 2578-7470 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
| publisher | Taylor & Francis Group |
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| series | HIV Research & Clinical Practice |
| spelling | doaj-art-8e08c53b662b41799d7b541b32326f5b2025-01-20T14:37:59ZengTaylor & Francis GroupHIV Research & Clinical Practice2578-74702023-12-0124110.1080/25787489.2023.21870132187013Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, EthiopiaMequanente Dagnaw0Haileab Fekadu1Adhanom Gebre Egziabher2Tesfaye Yesfue3Meera Indracanti4Alemu Tebeje5Institute of Public Health, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics and Institute of Biotechnology, Department of Medical Biotechnology, University of GondarInstitute of Public Health Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, University of GondarInstitute of Public Health Department of Epidemiology and Biostatics, University of GondarInternal Medicine University of GondarDepartment of Medical Biotechnology, School of Allied Health Sciences, Malla Reddy UniversityInstitute of Biotechnology, University of GondarIntroduction: Opportunistic infections (OIs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality among adults living with HIV. Current and accurate information about the occurrence of opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults is critical for developing more effective treatments and interventions. However, few studies have been conducted in Ethiopia on the prevalence of common opportunistic infections in HIV-infected adults. Thus, the purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and predictors of opportunistic infections among HIV-infected adults receiving antiretroviral therapy (ART) at the comprehensive specialized hospital affiliated with the University of Gondar. Methods: Between January 11, 2015, and January 10, 2021, a retrospective cohort study was conducted at the University of Gondar comprehensive specialized hospital. A total of 715 HIV-infected adults on ART were included in the study. Data were extracted from the charts of HIV-infected adults using a data extraction form adapted from the ART entry and follow-up forms. Epi-dataTM Version 4.5 was used to enter data, and StataTM Version 16 was used to analyze the data. The time interval between opportunistic infections was estimated using the Kaplan Meier survival curve. To identify risk predictors of opportunistic infections, bivariate and multivariate semi-parametric and parametric regression models were fitted. Result: This study included the records of 715 HIV-infected adults-initiated ART between January 11, 2015, to January 10, 2021. During the follow-up period, the overall incidence of opportunistic infections was 4.1 (95 percent CI 3.74 to 4.44) per 10,000 person-year observation, with a median of 57 months (IQR = 40–69 months). Pneumocystis’ pneumonia at 90(16.51%) was the most encountered OI at follow-up. Adults are presenting with baseline CD4 < 200 cells/µl counts (AHR = 1.41, 95% CI 1.18 to 1.69), bedridden baseline functional status (AHR = 1.35, 95% CI 1.01 to 1.82), WHO clinical stage II (AHR = 5.87, 95% CI 3.97 to 8.69) and WHO clinical stage III (AHR = 5.85, 95% CI 3.55 to 9.65) were notably associated with the incidence of opportunistic infections development. Conclusions: Opportunistic infections are uncommon among HIV-infected adults in this study. In terms of predictors, such as a low CD4 count and an advanced WHO stage (II or III), bedridden functional status was found to be significantly associated with OIs.http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2023.2187013adultsantiretroviral therapyhivopportunistic infectionsethiopia |
| spellingShingle | Mequanente Dagnaw Haileab Fekadu Adhanom Gebre Egziabher Tesfaye Yesfue Meera Indracanti Alemu Tebeje Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia HIV Research & Clinical Practice adults antiretroviral therapy hiv opportunistic infections ethiopia |
| title | Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia |
| title_full | Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia |
| title_fullStr | Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia |
| title_full_unstemmed | Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia |
| title_short | Incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among HIV/AIDS patients on antiretroviral therapy in Gondar University Comprehensive and Specialized Hospital, Ethiopia |
| title_sort | incidence of opportunistic infections and its predictors among hiv aids patients on antiretroviral therapy in gondar university comprehensive and specialized hospital ethiopia |
| topic | adults antiretroviral therapy hiv opportunistic infections ethiopia |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/25787489.2023.2187013 |
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