Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and Gender

Objective: To examine associations among psychological distress, perceptions of life changes, and perceptions of family support among college students during the quarantine period of the pandemic. Background: A supportive family can buffer psychological distress during crises. During the early month...

Full description

Saved in:
Bibliographic Details
Main Authors: Jennifer Parker, Julia Rothenberg, Larry Musolino, Nicole Ryerson, Michelle Kaschak, Teresa Kistler
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2025-04-01
Series:COVID
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8112/5/4/54
Tags: Add Tag
No Tags, Be the first to tag this record!
_version_ 1850183644240412672
author Jennifer Parker
Julia Rothenberg
Larry Musolino
Nicole Ryerson
Michelle Kaschak
Teresa Kistler
author_facet Jennifer Parker
Julia Rothenberg
Larry Musolino
Nicole Ryerson
Michelle Kaschak
Teresa Kistler
author_sort Jennifer Parker
collection DOAJ
description Objective: To examine associations among psychological distress, perceptions of life changes, and perceptions of family support among college students during the quarantine period of the pandemic. Background: A supportive family can buffer psychological distress during crises. During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, many college students abruptly returned to their family home, disrupting a developmental stage typically oriented toward independence and peer connection. While previous research has highlighted the stressors of this period, less is known about the role of perceived family support in shaping students’ mental health outcomes. Method: Data from a cross-sectional sample of 339 college students were collected. Statistical analysis included a hierarchical multiple regression and moderated moderation to investigate the relationship between the life changes college students experienced due to COVID-19 and distress and how family support moderated this relationship while treating gender as a secondary moderator. Results: Perceptions of worsening life conditions due to COVID-19 were associated with higher levels of distress and vice versa. Perceptions of emotional forms of family support moderated this relationship, but only among male participants. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of the mental health implications of the pandemic on college students by identifying emotional family support as a gender-specific protective factor. Implications: Insights from this study may inform mental health interventions that consider family dynamics and gender-specific coping during large-scale crises. These findings may also guide strategies for supporting students facing the long-term psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.
format Article
id doaj-art-8d9cbe0135d04bbab66d152d6fd6b15f
institution OA Journals
issn 2673-8112
language English
publishDate 2025-04-01
publisher MDPI AG
record_format Article
series COVID
spelling doaj-art-8d9cbe0135d04bbab66d152d6fd6b15f2025-08-20T02:17:19ZengMDPI AGCOVID2673-81122025-04-01545410.3390/covid5040054Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and GenderJennifer Parker0Julia Rothenberg1Larry Musolino2Nicole Ryerson3Michelle Kaschak4Teresa Kistler5Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University Lehigh Valley, Center Valley, PA 18034, USADepartment of Sociology, City University of New York, QCC, New York, NY 11364, USADepartment of Mathematics, Pennsylvania State University Lehigh Valley, Center Valley, PA 18034, USADepartment of Psychology, Pennsylvania State University Lehigh Valley, Center Valley, PA 18034, USADepartment of Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University Lehigh Valley, Center Valley, PA 18034, USADepartment of Rehabilitation and Human Services, Pennsylvania State University Lehigh Valley, Center Valley, PA 18034, USAObjective: To examine associations among psychological distress, perceptions of life changes, and perceptions of family support among college students during the quarantine period of the pandemic. Background: A supportive family can buffer psychological distress during crises. During the early months of the COVID-19 pandemic, many college students abruptly returned to their family home, disrupting a developmental stage typically oriented toward independence and peer connection. While previous research has highlighted the stressors of this period, less is known about the role of perceived family support in shaping students’ mental health outcomes. Method: Data from a cross-sectional sample of 339 college students were collected. Statistical analysis included a hierarchical multiple regression and moderated moderation to investigate the relationship between the life changes college students experienced due to COVID-19 and distress and how family support moderated this relationship while treating gender as a secondary moderator. Results: Perceptions of worsening life conditions due to COVID-19 were associated with higher levels of distress and vice versa. Perceptions of emotional forms of family support moderated this relationship, but only among male participants. Conclusions: This study contributes to our understanding of the mental health implications of the pandemic on college students by identifying emotional family support as a gender-specific protective factor. Implications: Insights from this study may inform mental health interventions that consider family dynamics and gender-specific coping during large-scale crises. These findings may also guide strategies for supporting students facing the long-term psychological impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic.https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8112/5/4/54COVID-19mental healthfamily supportpsychological distress
spellingShingle Jennifer Parker
Julia Rothenberg
Larry Musolino
Nicole Ryerson
Michelle Kaschak
Teresa Kistler
Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and Gender
COVID
COVID-19
mental health
family support
psychological distress
title Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and Gender
title_full Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and Gender
title_fullStr Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and Gender
title_full_unstemmed Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and Gender
title_short Psychological Distress and Perceived Life Changes Among College Students During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The Moderating Roles of Family Support and Gender
title_sort psychological distress and perceived life changes among college students during the covid 19 pandemic the moderating roles of family support and gender
topic COVID-19
mental health
family support
psychological distress
url https://www.mdpi.com/2673-8112/5/4/54
work_keys_str_mv AT jenniferparker psychologicaldistressandperceivedlifechangesamongcollegestudentsduringthecovid19pandemicthemoderatingrolesoffamilysupportandgender
AT juliarothenberg psychologicaldistressandperceivedlifechangesamongcollegestudentsduringthecovid19pandemicthemoderatingrolesoffamilysupportandgender
AT larrymusolino psychologicaldistressandperceivedlifechangesamongcollegestudentsduringthecovid19pandemicthemoderatingrolesoffamilysupportandgender
AT nicoleryerson psychologicaldistressandperceivedlifechangesamongcollegestudentsduringthecovid19pandemicthemoderatingrolesoffamilysupportandgender
AT michellekaschak psychologicaldistressandperceivedlifechangesamongcollegestudentsduringthecovid19pandemicthemoderatingrolesoffamilysupportandgender
AT teresakistler psychologicaldistressandperceivedlifechangesamongcollegestudentsduringthecovid19pandemicthemoderatingrolesoffamilysupportandgender