Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)
The world’s only member of Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha known to form true galls, the leafhopper Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Cicadellidae), transforms leaves of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum Medikus, Fabaceae) into pod-like chambers, up to 35 mm long, inside which individual leafhoppers develop, mate...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wiley
2012-01-01
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| Series: | Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |
| Online Access: | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/930975 |
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| author | Roman Rakitov Esther Appel |
| author_facet | Roman Rakitov Esther Appel |
| author_sort | Roman Rakitov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The world’s only member of Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha known to form true galls, the leafhopper Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Cicadellidae), transforms leaves of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum Medikus, Fabaceae) into pod-like chambers, up to 35 mm long, inside which individual leafhoppers develop, mate, and lay eggs. At the study site 40 km SE of Bukhara (Uzbekistan), two generations develop annually. First-instar nymphs cause young leaves to fold along the midrib. The subsequent development takes place inside the tightly closed growing gall, plugged at both ends with a mixture of leafhopper excrement, brochosomes, and crushed exuviae. These plugs act as mechanical barriers and sticky traps for intruders. The inner surface of the gall, lined with brochosomes and wax platelets, is hydrophobic. Adult males emerge from their galls and squeeze into female galls. Fertilized females insert an average of 146 eggs under the gall’s inner epidermis and remain inside, possibly protecting the brood, until they die. The walls of the galls containing eggs are approximately three times thicker than regular leaves. The galls are subject to predation by Gelechiidae caterpillars; the eggs of the leafhopper are parasitized by two species of Trichogrammatidae and one Mymaridae (Hymenoptera), and its larvae by one species of Pipunculidae (Diptera). |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj-art-8d1d1ba7606b4580a3e84acbe4d75050 |
| institution | Kabale University |
| issn | 0033-2615 1687-7438 |
| language | English |
| publishDate | 2012-01-01 |
| publisher | Wiley |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |
| spelling | doaj-art-8d1d1ba7606b4580a3e84acbe4d750502025-02-03T06:44:47ZengWileyPsyche: A Journal of Entomology0033-26151687-74382012-01-01201210.1155/2012/930975930975Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae)Roman Rakitov0Esther Appel1Paleontological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, Profsoyuznaya St. 123, 117647 Moscow, RussiaFunctional Morphology and Biomechanics, Zoological Institute, Christian-Albrechts-University of Kiel, D-24098 Kiel, GermanyThe world’s only member of Hemiptera Auchenorrhyncha known to form true galls, the leafhopper Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Cicadellidae), transforms leaves of camelthorn (Alhagi maurorum Medikus, Fabaceae) into pod-like chambers, up to 35 mm long, inside which individual leafhoppers develop, mate, and lay eggs. At the study site 40 km SE of Bukhara (Uzbekistan), two generations develop annually. First-instar nymphs cause young leaves to fold along the midrib. The subsequent development takes place inside the tightly closed growing gall, plugged at both ends with a mixture of leafhopper excrement, brochosomes, and crushed exuviae. These plugs act as mechanical barriers and sticky traps for intruders. The inner surface of the gall, lined with brochosomes and wax platelets, is hydrophobic. Adult males emerge from their galls and squeeze into female galls. Fertilized females insert an average of 146 eggs under the gall’s inner epidermis and remain inside, possibly protecting the brood, until they die. The walls of the galls containing eggs are approximately three times thicker than regular leaves. The galls are subject to predation by Gelechiidae caterpillars; the eggs of the leafhopper are parasitized by two species of Trichogrammatidae and one Mymaridae (Hymenoptera), and its larvae by one species of Pipunculidae (Diptera).http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/930975 |
| spellingShingle | Roman Rakitov Esther Appel Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) Psyche: A Journal of Entomology |
| title | Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) |
| title_full | Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) |
| title_fullStr | Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) |
| title_short | Life History of the Camelthorn Gall Leafhopper, Scenergates viridis (Vilbaste) (Hemiptera, Cicadellidae) |
| title_sort | life history of the camelthorn gall leafhopper scenergates viridis vilbaste hemiptera cicadellidae |
| url | http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/930975 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT romanrakitov lifehistoryofthecamelthorngallleafhopperscenergatesviridisvilbastehemipteracicadellidae AT estherappel lifehistoryofthecamelthorngallleafhopperscenergatesviridisvilbastehemipteracicadellidae |